( UNIT 03 ) Domain & Kingdoms & Phylums Flashcards
What are the 3 domains?
- Domain Bacteria
- Domain Archaea
- Domain Eukarya
Domain Bacteria
- Prokaryotes
- Peptidoglycan cell walls
- Some Aerobic or Anaerobic
- Some Autotrophic , Most Heterotrophic
Domain Archaea
- Prokaryotes ( ancient bacteria but more closely related to eukarya )
- Cells walls DON’T contain Peptidoglycan
- Some autotrophic ; Most heterotrophic
Domain Eukarya
- Eukaryotes
- Cell Walls vary within each of the 4 kingdoms ( Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia )
- Fungi + Animalia : heterotrophic
- Protista + Plantae : autorophs
Briefly describe the three groups of Domain Archaea
(all to the extreme!!!)
- Thermoacidophiles : Hot + Acidic environments
- Halophiles : Salty environments
- Mathanogens : Obligate Anaerobes (can’t live in the presence of oxygen
Difference in the cells walls of Domain Bacteria and Archaea ?
Bacteria contains Peptidoglycan; Archaea does not.
Plasmid
A small circular piece of DNA found in many Prokaryotes.
Capsules
A secreted layer of polysaccharides around the cell walls of prokaryotes that prevent is from drying out or being attacked by white blood cells and antibiotics.
Pilli
Hair-like structures made out of protein that help bacteria attach to surfaces.
Cocci
Spherical prokaryotes.
Bacilli
Rod-shaped prokaryotes.
Spirilli
Spiral shaped prokaryotes.
List the basic steps of Gram Staining (which stains are used and in what order)?
- Sterilize inoculation loop
- Fix slide
(Add chemicals in this order) - Crystal Violet (stains purple)
- Gram’s Iodine
- Alcohol Solution
- Safranin
What colour is Gram Positive ?
Purple.
What colour is Gram Negative?
Pink.