Unit 2: Cell Structure and Function

Question 1

What is cytoplasm?

Answer 1

The interior of a cell

Question 2

What is cytosol?

Answer 2

The jelly-like fluid within a cell

Question 3

What is the nucleus?

Answer 3

An organelle, enclosed in a double membrane, enclosing the chromasomes of a cell. Found only in eukaryotic cells.

Question 4

What is a chromosome?

Answer 4

A packaged form of DNA, consisting of cell DNA tightly coiled around proteins called histone proteins.

Question 5

What are nuclear pores?

Answer 5

Openings that control what goes in and out of the nucleus

Question 6

What are ribosomes?

Answer 6

Small organelles that make proteins (based off of RNA information)

Question 7

What is the rough ER?

Answer 7

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is part of the larger (whole) organelle, the endoplasmic reticulum. It is characterized by its windy, amorphous structure of tubes, studded with many many ribosomes.

The rough ER packages proteins created by the ribosomes, and makes glycoproteins.

Question 8

What is the smooth ER?

Answer 8

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is part of the larger (whole) organelle, the endoplasmic reticulum. It is characterized by it’s smoother shape, lacking the ribosomes that its larger counterpart has.

The smooth ER helps with cell detox, and rapid production

Question 9

What are golgi?

Answer 9

A series of flattened, membranous sacs, which are involved in the correct folding and modification of heavily proteins. It also takes part in the packaging of new proteins.

Question 10

What are vessicules?

Answer 10

Membranous sacks used for storage and transport of chemicals in-cell

Question 11

What are lysosomes?

Answer 11

Membranous sacks containing digestive enzymes, used for cell recycling.

Question 12

What are vacuoles?

Answer 12

Large membranous sacks used for storage (water, ions, nutrients…), amoung other things.

Question 13

What are peroxisomes?

Answer 13

Large membranous sacks containing enzymes which convert hydrogen peroxide into water.

Question 14

What is the cytoskeleton?

Answer 14

A network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm, giving support and shape to the cell and assisting in transport.

Question 15

What is the cell wall?

Answer 15

A matrix of cell-built fibers outside the cell surrounding and protecting the exterior of the cell. (think plants)

Question 16

What are mitochondria?

Answer 16

Organelles that synthesize ATP, and provide energy to the cell.

Question 17

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 17

Organelles that synthesize glucose via photosynthesis.

Question 18

What does passive transport mean? (In relation to cells) Give some examples.

Answer 18

A transport method that requires no energy on the cells part. For example, diffusion, or fascilitated diffusion.

Question 19

What does active transport mean in relation to cells?

Answer 19

A transport method that nessecitates the expenditure of energy on the part of the cell.

Question 20

What does hypotonic mean?

Answer 20

The concentration of ions and minerals is higher inside the membrane than outside.

Question 21

What does hypertonic mean?

Answer 21

The concentration of ions and minerals is higher outside the membrane inside.

Question 22

What does isotonic mean?

Answer 22

The concentration of ions and minerals inside the membrane is equal to outside the membrane.

Question 23

What is endocytosis?

Answer 23

Transport of molecules into the cell by pinching in the plasma membrane to produce vesicles.

Question 24

What is exocytosis?

Answer 24

Transport of molecules out of the cell by fusion of the plasma membrane of the cell with the vesicle membranes