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SQA Higher Chemistry Unit 2 > Unit 2(c) Proteins > Flashcards

Unit 2(c) Proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the chemical formula for ammonia?

A

NH3

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2
Q

What are some properties of ammonia?

A
  • Ammonia is very soluble in water

* It dissolves to produce an alkaline solution (it is the only non metal gas that does this)

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3
Q

What is the general formula for amines?

A

CnH2n+1NH2

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4
Q

What functional group is present in amines?

A

Amino group - NH2

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5
Q

What two functional groups are present in amino acids?

A

Amino group and carboxyl group

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6
Q

What is the term for amino acids when the animo group and the carboxyl group are on the same carbon?

A

Alpha-amino acids

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7
Q

What are essential amino acids?

A

Amino acids which cannot be synthesised in the body by altering other amino acids. They must be present in the human diet

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8
Q

What are some sources of amino acids?

A

Meats and animal produce

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9
Q

What are proteins made of?

A

Amino acid monomers

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10
Q

How are proteins formed?

A

Condensation polymerisation - water eliminated

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11
Q

What is the name for the link between and amine group and an acid group?

A

Peptide link (CONH)

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12
Q

How are proteins broken down during digestion?

A

Hydrolysis

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13
Q

What process is used to analyse the products of hydrolysed proteins?

A

Chromatography

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14
Q

What is the formula for the Rf value?

A

Rf = distance run by spot / distance run by solvent

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15
Q

What are the two types of proteins?

A

Fibrous and globular

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16
Q

What are fibrous proteins?

A

They are long and thin because of the long polyamide chains

17
Q

Why do fibrous proteins take their structure?

A

Intermolecular hydrogen bonding

18
Q

What fibrous protein structure is observed if the hydrogen bonds are within the same chain?

A

Spiral/Helix structure

19
Q

What fibrous protein structure is observed if hydrogen bonding occurs between different chains?

A

Sheet like structure

20
Q

Give some examples of fibrous proteins

A

Keratins, elastins, collagens

21
Q

What are globular proteins

A

They are spiral chain proteins folded into compact units

22
Q

Are globular proteins soluble or insoluble in water?

A

Soluble, so they can move around in the bloodstream

23
Q

Give some examples of globular proteins

A

Haemoglobin, insulin, enzymes, casein, and many hormones

24
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological catalysts made of proteins.

25
Q

Why are enzymes specific?

A

They only work on one substrate - ‘lock and key’

26
Q

What happens when enzymes are denatured?

A

Hydrogen bonds are broken, active site changes shape

27
Q

What happens to proteins during cooking?

A

Intermolecular bonds are broken, alters texture of a food

SQA Higher Chemistry Unit 2 (5 decks)

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