Unit 2 Buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

Pronouncement of independence from the British crown by the Second Continental Congress

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2
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

First attempt by Founders to create a government, weak central government, more power to the states

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3
Q

Federalism

A

Distribution of power in an organization between a central authority and a constituent

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4
Q

Constitutional Convention of 1787

A

Meeting to decide how to revise Articles of Confederation, eventually ended in complete restart of Constititution

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5
Q

Constitution

A

Adopted by Founders, stronger central government than Articles, officially adopted in 1789

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6
Q

Virginia Plan

A

Plan presented by James Madison for 3 strong national branches of government and a bicameral legislature

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7
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

Plan presented by state of New Jersey to limit each state to one vote in Congress, each state has one representative, so that small states aren’t overruled by larger ones

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8
Q

Great (Connecticut) Compromise

A

Compromise presented by Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth (Connecticut) providing a dual system of Congressional representation (bicameral)

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9
Q

Three-Fifths Compromise

A

Compromise that 3 out of every 5 slaves would count for representation in the House of Representatives

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10
Q

Federalists

A

Early political party that advocated for strong central government

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11
Q

Anti-Federalists

A

Group of Americans who opposed creation of a stronger U.S federal government and opposed final ratification of the Constitution

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12
Q

The Federalist Papers

A

Collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison promoting the ratification of the Constitution.

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13
Q

Bill of Rights

A

Document that guarantees essential rights and civil liberties, first 10 amendments

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14
Q

Necessary and proper clause (Elastic clause)- Implied Powers

A

Gives Congress power to “make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution,” allows the government to change over time

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15
Q

Delegated powers

A

Powers granted to the federal government under the Constitution

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16
Q

Reserved Powers

A

Powers reserved by the Constitution to the exclusive jurisdiction of a specified authority (10th amendment)

17
Q

Concurrent Powers

A

Powers shared by both the federal and state governments

18
Q

Denied Powers

A

Powers denied to nation and state governments to maintain balance and fairness