Unit 2 - Body Systems Flashcards
What is the function of osteoblasts in the body.
They provide structure and support
How is homeostasis achieved?
Cells maintain internal stability.
How are muscle cells and bone cells similar?
Both make it possible for you to respond to your environment by moving.
Which of the following is one characteristic of all living things?
A. Using nerve cells to maintain temperature
B. Sending cells to deliver messages in the body
C. Maintaining homeostasis
D. Moving from place to place
C. Maintaining homeostasis
What is the function of an organ system?
To work together to do a specific job
Which option is a main type of muscle tissue?
A. Spongy bone
B. Skin
C. Blood vessels
D. Cardiac
D. Cardiac
Which list is an organ system?
A. The heart, arteries, and veins
B. The liver, blood, and skin
C. The heart, the stomach, and intestines
D. The liver, the bladder, and the heart
A. The heart, arteries, and veins
Which is most complex?
A. Organ system
B. Tissues
C. Organs
D. Cells
A. Organ system
What function do the alveoli perform?
The alveoli exchange oxygen in the air for carbon dioxide in the blood
Which organ of the respiratory system is located inside the lungs?
Bronchioles
A patient has low blood oxygen levels, although the patient’s blood is circulating properly. Which is most likely functioning improperly?
A. The capillaries
B. The pulmonary vein
C. The aorta
D. The alveoli
D. The alveoli
What is the function of the vena cava?
It carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart
Which organ in the excretory system filters blood?
Kidney
What is amylase?
An enzyme that breaks down food
What is urea?
The waste removed by the kidney
Which organ in the digestive system has a function that is most similar the function of the bladder in the excretory system?
Large intestine
What is a dendrite?
It is the part of a neuron that carries information to the cell body
What is the term for changes in the internal or external environment that cause a response?
Stimuli
How do signals from sensory neurons reach motor neurons?
Through interneurons in the brain and spinal cord that connect sensory neurons and motor neurons
What part of the nervous system is completely protected by bone?
Central nervous system
You see a mosquito land on your hand and swat at it. A signal passes through many parts of different neurons to make this happen. Which component of the nervous system is the last to be involved in this process?
A. Dendrites in sensory neurons
B. Dendrites in motor neurons
C. Axons in sensory neurons
D. Axons in motor neurons
D. Axons in motor neurons
Which sensory receptors are involved in hearing?
A. Photoreceptors
B. Mechanoreceptors
C. Chemoreceptors
D. Thermoreceptors
B. Mechanoreceptors
The eye is an organ of which major body system?
A. Integumentary
B. Nervous
C. Skeletal
D. Muscular
B. Nervous
Which statement best describes the purpose of the eye?
A. The eye lets in varying amounts of light
B. The eye receives and processes visual signals
C. The eye sends images to the brain
D. The eye takes in and responds to stimuli
B. The eye sends images to the brain
What is the purpose of photoreceptors?
They change light to electrical signals
What organizational level is the eye?
Organ
Many parts of the eye work to focus or control light except the __________
Many parts of the eye work to focus or control light except the retina
How does the human body prevent internal energy levels from becoming too low?
The digestive system transmits feelings of hunger to the brain, which initiates eating.
How does a marine iguana maintain homeostasis despite ingesting large amounts of salt with its food?
A. Marine iguanas throw up large amounts of salt
B. Marine iguanas sweat a lot to get rid of the extra salt
C. Marine iguanas sneeze excess salt out of their bodies.
D. Marine iguanas pass large amounts of salt through their urine
C. Marine iguanas sneeze excess salt out of their bodies.
How does the body react to cold temperatures?
Your body shivers to help it maintain homeostasis
Which statement describes homeostasis?
A. It is how an organism reacts to external factors
B. It is a process of maintaining an external state of balance for an organism
C. It is how an organism reacts to internal factors
D. It is how an organism reacts to internal factors
D. It is how an organism reacts to internal factors
What type of specialized cells send and receive messages in the brain?
Neurons
Lungs expel waste from the body in the form of __________
Lungs expel waste from the body in the form of carbon dioxide
Which option is single celled?
A. An artery
B. A kidney
C. A human
D. A bacterium
D. A bacterium
Which vessel carries oxygenated blood to the heart?
A. Pulmonary vein
B. Vena cava
C. Aorta
D. Pulmonary artery
A. Pulmonary vein
A patient has a condition that makes it difficult to absorb nutrients from food. Which organ is most likely affected by the condition?
Small intestine
When you experience changes in light, sound, and temperature, which cells send signals toward the central nervous system?
Sensory neurons
Which component can only be found in the peripheral nervous system?
A. Dendrites
B. Spinal cord
C. Sensory neurons
D. Axons
C. Sensory neurons
Which sensory receptors would allow you to tell the difference between sweet and sour?
Chemoreceptors
A patient is unable to tell the difference between red and green. Which receptors are probably not functioning properly in the patient?
Cones
Most of the inside of the eye is known as the vitreous body. It is made primarily of vitrosin, a form of collagen. Collagen helps make up tendons, skin, and ligaments. This implies that, by volume, the eye is mostly made of what type of tissue?
Connective tissue
Which body system is responsible for sending signals that your body is not in homeostasis?
The nervous system
Which statement correctly describes how we maintain homeostasis when we are tired?
A. Our muscles send us a signal to stop moving
B. Our nervous system stops moving muscles
C. Our nervous system sends us a signal to rest.
D. Our muscles weaken and move slowly.
C. Our nervous system sends us a signal to rest.
