Unit 2: Birth of a Nation Flashcards
describe the state of spiritual decline in early 18th century America
as the American colonies grew and began to prosper,many churches began practicing a cold, formalistic Christianity.
what compromise permitted descendants of church members to be admitted as members with the full privileges, except for participation in communion?
the halfway covenant
the dates for the great awakening
1730-1760
what sermon preached by Gilbert Tennent exposed the damage done by the preaching of unconverted ministers?
on the dangers of an unconverted ministry
what was Jonathan Edward’s most famous sermon?
Sinners in the hands of an angry God
who is considered the greatest thinker America has ever produced?
Jonathan Edwards
how many sermons did George Whitefield preach publicly?
18,000
who was the most powerful voice of the great awakening?
George Whitefield
what four colleges grew directly out of the great awakening
Princeton, Brown, Rutgers, Dartmouth
in what two ways did the great awakening strengthen political freedom?
1) if men are to have true religious freedom, they cannot be barred from political activity because of their religion
2) if all men are equal in the eyes of God, all men deserve equal justice under the law
name the three reasons for rivalry between England and France in the Ohio River Valley.
g
what war broke out between France and England in 1754?
The French and Indian War (1754-1763)
what was Benjamin Franklin’s proposed plan for union of the colonies?
The Albany Plan (1754)
describe England’s advantages and disadvantages when she went to war with France in 1754?
Advantages:
1) Superior manpower, 20 times as large a population in America than the French
2) agriculture, trade, and industry to keep troops well-supplied and fed
3) control of the high seas
Disadvantages:
1) the colonies had no central authority. the English had to contend with bickering local and colonial wide governmental systems
2) France had the city of Quebec and were able to defend the St. Lawrence River
3) France had an alliance with all the Indian tribes
who became prime minister of England in 1757
William Pitt the Elder
what treaty formally concluded the French and Indian War?
The Treaty of Paris ( 1763)
what are some of the differences between England and America after the French and Indian War
1) the Great awakening helped the colonist realize that they could only maintain their religious freedom through a system of self- rule and through adequate representation in the English Parliament
2) though England supplied the colonies with troops to fight the French and Indians, the colonist had dome much of the fighting themselves
3) the British troops and officers often differed from the colonial militiamen in their manner and purpose
4) the Europeans returning from America remarked that they had never seen so many well-fed, healthy people as in the colonies
describe the change in England’s Economic policy in toward the colonies in the 18th century
before 1700, England had followed a laissez faire (hands off) policy toward the American Colonies
by the 18th century England had risen from a relatively weak power to a world empire and the american colonies had grown to be profitable British enterprises. England established strict regulations to the colonies. England wanted to capitalize off of the goods and possessions from the colonies. England created a series of laws upon the colonies
what series of acts passed by Parliament between 1650 and 1696 established basic mercantile policies for the colonies?
the Navigation Acts
the 3 acts passed by parliament to curb colonial industry
The Woolens Act in 1699
The Hat Act in 1732
The Iron Act in 1750
why was the board of Trade the most important agency established by the British government for the administration of the colonies
it had the power to annul laws passed by colonial legislatures, to hear appeals from the colonies, and to influence trade policies adopted for the colonies
who became the King of England in 1760?
George III
