Unit 2: Birth of a Nation

Question 1

describe the state of spiritual decline in early 18th century America

Answer 1

as the American colonies grew and began to prosper,many churches began practicing a cold, formalistic Christianity.

Question 2

what compromise permitted descendants of church members to be admitted as members with the full privileges, except for participation in communion?

Answer 2

the halfway covenant

Question 3

the dates for the great awakening

Answer 3

1730-1760

Question 4

what sermon preached by Gilbert Tennent exposed the damage done by the preaching of unconverted ministers?

Answer 4

on the dangers of an unconverted ministry

Question 5

what was Jonathan Edward’s most famous sermon?

Answer 5

Sinners in the hands of an angry God

Question 6

who is considered the greatest thinker America has ever produced?

Answer 6

Jonathan Edwards

Question 7

how many sermons did George Whitefield preach publicly?

Answer 7

18,000

Question 8

who was the most powerful voice of the great awakening?

Answer 8

George Whitefield

Question 9

what four colleges grew directly out of the great awakening

Answer 9

Princeton, Brown, Rutgers, Dartmouth

Question 10

in what two ways did the great awakening strengthen political freedom?

Answer 10

1) if men are to have true religious freedom, they cannot be barred from political activity because of their religion
2) if all men are equal in the eyes of God, all men deserve equal justice under the law

Question 11

name the three reasons for rivalry between England and France in the Ohio River Valley.

Answer 11

g

Question 12

what war broke out between France and England in 1754?

Answer 12

The French and Indian War (1754-1763)

Question 13

what was Benjamin Franklin’s proposed plan for union of the colonies?

Answer 13

The Albany Plan (1754)

Question 14

describe England’s advantages and disadvantages when she went to war with France in 1754?

Answer 14

Advantages:
1) Superior manpower, 20 times as large a population in America than the French
2) agriculture, trade, and industry to keep troops well-supplied and fed
3) control of the high seas
Disadvantages:
1) the colonies had no central authority. the English had to contend with bickering local and colonial wide governmental systems
2) France had the city of Quebec and were able to defend the St. Lawrence River
3) France had an alliance with all the Indian tribes

Question 15

who became prime minister of England in 1757

Answer 15

William Pitt the Elder

Question 16

what treaty formally concluded the French and Indian War?

Answer 16

The Treaty of Paris ( 1763)

Question 17

what are some of the differences between England and America after the French and Indian War

Answer 17

1) the Great awakening helped the colonist realize that they could only maintain their religious freedom through a system of self- rule and through adequate representation in the English Parliament
2) though England supplied the colonies with troops to fight the French and Indians, the colonist had dome much of the fighting themselves
3) the British troops and officers often differed from the colonial militiamen in their manner and purpose
4) the Europeans returning from America remarked that they had never seen so many well-fed, healthy people as in the colonies

Question 18

describe the change in England’s Economic policy in toward the colonies in the 18th century

Answer 18

before 1700, England had followed a laissez faire (hands off) policy toward the American Colonies
by the 18th century England had risen from a relatively weak power to a world empire and the american colonies had grown to be profitable British enterprises. England established strict regulations to the colonies. England wanted to capitalize off of the goods and possessions from the colonies. England created a series of laws upon the colonies

Question 19

what series of acts passed by Parliament between 1650 and 1696 established basic mercantile policies for the colonies?

Answer 19

the Navigation Acts

Question 20

the 3 acts passed by parliament to curb colonial industry

Answer 20

The Woolens Act in 1699
The Hat Act in 1732
The Iron Act in 1750

Question 21

why was the board of Trade the most important agency established by the British government for the administration of the colonies

Answer 21

it had the power to annul laws passed by colonial legislatures, to hear appeals from the colonies, and to influence trade policies adopted for the colonies

Question 22

who became the King of England in 1760?

Answer 22

George III