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U.S History > Unit 1: Land of New Beginnings > Flashcards

Unit 1: Land of New Beginnings Flashcards

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1
Q

Leif Ericson

A

a viking adventurer for Scandinavia

-landed in North America around 1000 A.D.

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2
Q

Martian Luther

A
  • Began the protestant Reformation in 1517

- nailed his ninety-five thesis to the church door in Wittenberg, Germany

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3
Q

Prince Henry the Navigator

A
  • 1400’s
  • Portugal
  • built a navigation school
  • mapmaker
  • designed the Caravel, a ship designed to sail against the wind
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4
Q

Bartholomew Diaz

A

-1488 he reached the Cape of Good Hope

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5
Q

Vasco Da Gama

A

-1498 sailed all the way around Africa to India

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6
Q

Christopher Columbus

A
  • Genoa, Italy
  • King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella (Spain) sponsored his voyage
  • ships: Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria
  • set sail from Spain on August 3, 1492
  • crew sighted land October 12, 1492
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7
Q

Amerigo Vespucci

A
  • first to realize that Columbus had discovered a new continent
  • 1507 a German mapmaker suggested that the new world be named “America” in his honor
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8
Q

Pope Alexandar VI

A

-1493 drew an imaginary line- The Line of Demarcation

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9
Q

Ponce De Leon

A
  • 1513 sailed in search of the fountain of youth

- discovered Florida

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10
Q

Vasco De Balboa

A

-discovered the pacific ocean in 1513

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11
Q

Ferdinand Megellan

A
  • 1519 began a three year voyage around the world

- killed in the Philippines, his crew completed the journey

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12
Q

Hernandez Cortez

A

-1521 : defeated the Aztecs of Mexico

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13
Q

Montezuma

A

-Aztec chieftain

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14
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A
  • 1533 conquered the Incas of Peru

- discovered southern Texas, party’s of New Mexico and Arizona

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15
Q

Cabeza de vaca

A
  • 1540 went in search of the “ seven cities of Cíbola”

- explored southern United States

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16
Q

Hernando de Soto

A
  • explored the southern United States including parts of Florida Georgia Alabama Mississippi Louisiana South Carolina North Carolina and Tennessee
  • In 1541 he discovered the Mississippi river
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17
Q

Juan Cabrillo

A

-1542 he explored the coast of California

-

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18
Q

Pedro menéndez

A
  • Sounded St. Augustine Florida and 1565

- The first permanent European settlement in president United States

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19
Q

St.Augustine

A
  • first permanent English settlement in the United States

- began as a small fort

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20
Q

El Camino

A
  • “King’s Highway”
  • first traveled in 1581
  • runs between santé Fe, New Mexico and Chihuahua, Mexico
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21
Q

Santa Fe

A
  • founded in 1610

- served as the capital of the Spanish settlement in the American Southwest

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22
Q

Phillip II

A
  • Spain

- probably owned more of the earth’s surface than any other man in history

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23
Q

Sir John Hawkins

A

-interfered With Spanish trade by smuggling English good into Spanish colonies in

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24
Q

Sir Francis Drake

A
  • Attacked Spanish ships bound for Spain from the New World and stole their precious cargoes of golden silver
  • 1577 embarked on three-year voyage to make him the first Englishman to sail around the world
  • he crossed the Atlantic and passed through the Strait of Magellan he then sailed up the Pacific Coast as far as California which he claimed for England calling at nova Albion
  • He then sailed across the Pacific an Indian oceans around Africa and back to England with Drake finally arrived in England in 1580
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25
Q

The Spanish Armada

A
  • By 1588 king Philip II had assembled a fleet of 130 ships in about 30,000 men
  • His plan was to have the Armada sail up the English channel pick up troops from the Netherlands and invade England
26
Q

Giovanni da Verrazano

A

-1524 explored the eastern coast of North America for France from North Carolina to Nova Scotia

27
Q

Jacques Cartier

A

-led an expedition that discovered the st. Lawrence River

28
Q

Huguenots

A
  • 1560s establishes Charlesfort in the coast of South Carolina
  • French Protestants
  • fort Caroline on the coat of Florida
  • came to new world to escape religious persecution,
29
Q

Samuel de Champlain

A
  • 1608 the first permanent French settlement in the new world was established at Quebec
  • “the father of New France”
30
Q

Jacques marquette and louis Juliet

A
  • Marquette was a Jesuit missionary
  • Juliet was a fur trader
  • led an expedition that explored the central Mississippi River
31
Q

Robert Cavelier de la salle

A
  • sailed down the Illinois River to the Mississippi River and followed it down to the Gulf of Mexico
  • claimed the Mississippi River valley for France and named it Louisiana
32
Q

New France

A
  • Canada, the Great Lakes region, and the Mississippi valley

- built fortress troupe this area to Steve as outposts for defense, trade, and missionary endeavors among the Indians

33
Q

Iroquois

A
  • did not become allies with the French
  • Champlain joined the Algonquins and the Huron’s IN attacks on the Iroquois Indians of upper NY
  • they later would side with the British during conflicts between the French and the British in North America
34
Q

New Orléans

A
  • founded in 1718

- probably the best known city of French heritage in America

35
Q

John Wycliffe

A
  • Exposed false doctrines of the Roman Church and had the entire bible translated into English for the first time
  • “the morning star of the reformation”
36
Q

William Tyndale

A
  • also translated the Bible into English but he also printed it
  • first printed English bible
  • Roman church condemned the works of him and Wycliffe but had tyndale our to death
37
Q

Henry VIII

A
  • 1530s broke English ties with the Roman church

- did not change official church doctrine just made himself the head of England’s official church

38
Q

Magna Carta

A
  • 1215 king John signed

- great charter

39
Q

John Cabot

A
  • 1497 sailing for England, explored the eastern coast of North America from Labrador to Virginia
  • first explorer in the modern age to set foot on the mainland of North America
  • exploration of Newfoundland gave England her first and only solid claim to territory in the new world
40
Q

Sir Martian Frobisher

A

-sent by queen Elizabeth n search of the northwest passage (supposed water route through North America from the Atlantic to the pacific)

41
Q

Reasons for colonization

A
  • religious freedom
  • political freedom
  • economic freedom
42
Q

Religious freedom

A
  • During the 17th century England had only one recognize church the church of England or the Anglican Church
  • dissenters – those who opposed the official church We’re frowned upon and often persecuted
  • The two largest groups of dissenters where the Catholics in the Puritans
  • Catholics distrusted because they looked to the pope in Rome rather than the sovereign of England as the final authority in spiritual matters
  • puritans disagreed with the doctrines and practices of the church of England summer made with the church of England hoping to purify it but others with Drew informs her own churches (separatists)
43
Q

Political freedom

A
  • Between 1603 and 1649 the English kings tried to establish an absolute monarchy
  • they did not intend to share power with parliament or any other governing body in England
  • they just fired their drive for absolute authority by claiming the divine right of kings
  • The divine right of kings – according to this theory absolute monarchy is the only form of government sanctioned by God
  • this drive for absolute. Authority lead to a running conflict between the crowd and parliament prompting many freedom loving Englishman to emigrate to America
44
Q

Economic freedom

A

Several economic hardships plug the English people during the 17th century

  • inflation; as Spanish gold and silver flowed into England through trade or piracy it increase the amount of capital in circulation driving the price of goods even higher
  • Shortage of land; for centuries the English economy had centered on farming many English farmers rented small parcels of land from landholders for the production of food crops. As the demand for wall increase landholders began to evict tenant farmers and enclosed are filled with fences or hedges in order to raise sheep
  • unemployment; the enclosure movement contributed to the growing number of unemployed people in England. Unemployment forced many honest but unfortunate Englishman into debtors prison where they were held until they could pay off their debt
45
Q

Three separate groups of people took part in the English effort to colonize North America.

A
  • Sovereigns; the sovereignty of England showed a little interest in colonizing America But when they did it it was usually to bring wealth honor and prestige to their homeland
  • businessman; most of the English colonies were founded or at least sponsored by businessman who hoped to make a profit and better themselves as well as others.
  • settlers; settlers who actually came to live in America did so for a variety of reasons. The Luer of adventure and financial gain certainly drew many. But the strongest motivation was a desire for freedom religious political and economic
46
Q

Sir Humphrey Gilbert and sir Walter Raleigh

A
  • 1578 they left England work a fleet of ships bound for the new world but had to return
  • 5 years later Gilbert tried again
  • here reaches Newfoundland and claimed it for Queen Elizabeth
  • 1548 Raleigh sent an expedition which explored albemarle sound and the island of Roanoke off the coast of North Carolina
  • names it Virginia for Queen Elizabeth
  • “the virgin Queen”
  • 1585 Raleigh sponsored an expedition which made a short visit to Roanoke
  • 1587 Raleigh sent John white with 100 settlers to establish the settlement on the Chesapeake bay. Instead they settled at Roanoke where white’s daughter gave birth to the first English child born in the present-day United States
  • white returned to Roanoke in 1590 to find the entire colony had vanished. Only a few relics remained along with the word “Croatian” carved on a tree
47
Q

Virginia charter

A
  • 1604 king James I granted a charter permitting two joint-stock companies to undertake colonization in Virginia (the London company) was to settle southern Virginia and the company centered in Plymouth ( Plymouth company) was to settle northern Virginia.
  • outlines how he colonies should be governed and guaranteed that they would enjoy the same rights and liberties as Englishmen
48
Q

1607

A
  • April; a fleet of ships sailed into the Chesapeake bay.
  • colonists sailed up the sa James River
  • may; established the settlement of Jamestown
  • first permanent English settlement in the new world.
49
Q

Jamestown

A
  • land was infested with malaria
  • the River water was contaminated
  • most Colonists were too lazy or too proud to work
  • by the end of the first winter, half of the settlers had died
  • Jamestown’s charter has established the communal system
  • communal system required every man to place the fruits of good labor in a common storehouse and Ravi was welcome to receive food and supplies from the storehouse according to his needs
  • in reality the industrious workers had to provide for the idle
  • with everyone take long from but few giving to the food supply quickly diminished
50
Q

Captain John smith

A

-1608 took charge of colony and saved it from destruction.
- he established a policy based on the biblical principle that any who would not work should not eat (2 these. 3:10)
-when an injury forced captain John Smith to return to England, Jamestown again teetered on the brink of failure. During the winter of 1609-1610 called “starving time, “the hungry settlers were forced to eat dogs, horses, and even rats and mice
-

51
Q

John Rolfe

A

-married Pocahontas
-taught colonists in Virginia to grow tobacco
- Virginia soon exporting large quantities of tobacco to Europe.
-

52
Q

Indentured servants

A
  • one whose passage to America was paid for by and established colonist
  • the servant worked for his benefactor without pay for an agreed-upon period of time
53
Q

Private enterprise system

A
  • each man was given a parcel of land to produce his own food
  • capitalism
  • individuals are free to make a living and prosper on their own enterprise
54
Q

Virginia becomes a royal colony

A
  • The London colony re-organized under a new charter and 1609 and again in 1612, the stockholders were not able to regain their investment. By the time tobacco began to turn good profits in Virginia, the settlers had served their seven years and we’re no longer obligated to share profits with the company
  • But in 1620 for the king revoked of the charter of the London company in Virginia became a royal colony
55
Q

House of burgesses

A
  • 1619 The people of the various districts of Virginia sent delegates, called burgesses, to a representative assembly in Jamestown.
  • this assembly acted as an advisory body to the government of the colony
  • Set an important example for representative government early America
56
Q

Bacon’s rebellion

A
  • 1675 Indians attacked a few frontier settlements in Western Virginia
  • 1676 frontiersman appealed to governor Berkeley for protection, expecting him to send a military force
  • Nathaniel bacon, a wealthy young plantation owner offered to lead a volunteer militia against the Indians insisting that frontiersman were entitled to the same protection as establish colonies in Jamestown, but Berkeley rejected the offer
  • when Berkeley accused bacon and his men of rebellion the frontiersman marched on Jamestown and burned it to the ground forcing Berkeley to fleeto the coast
57
Q

Scrooby congregation

A

-James I opposed religious freedom because he believed that those who questioned his religious authority were implicitly questioning his political authority
-Persecution was especially severe for the separatist, dissenters who chose to completely separate themselves from the church of England Establish there own churches
-One separatist group organized in an independent church in Scruby England in 1606 under the leadership of Pastor John Robinson. When persecution became severe England the Scruby congregation decided to flee to Holland
-The dutch people came to respect the separatist for their honesty and diligence but the separatist result not to stay in Holland permanently;
1.They did not want their children exposed to the worldliness of Dutch society
2.They were concerned that their children could not get a proper education
3. They were proud of their English heritage and wanted their children to grow up as Englishman not as Dutchman
-

58
Q

Sir Edmund sandys

A

-English Puritan nobleman helped the Puritan secure a patent from the London company and 1620 to settle within its Virginia territory

59
Q

Voyage of the Mayflower

A

-The speedwell sail to England where recruit secured by the adventurers we’re waiting a board the mayflower
-Twice the ship set sail for America, and both times the speed while Spring Lakes forcing the pilgrims to return to port. Finally they had to abandon the speed well
-As many of its passengers as possible credit onto the Mayflower and the rest stayed behind for future passage. Finally on September 6, 1620 the mayflower sets out from Plymouth, England
- On November 9, 1620 after 66 days at sea the mayflower finally reach the shores of North America having been blown off course by a storm she landed far north of Virginia outside the territory of the London company
-on November 11 they maneuver the ship into Cape Cod harbor
-

60
Q

Mayflower compact

A
  • they had no legal right to settle and no basis for civil government. Therefore the pilgrims took a step which was to become a milestone in human history
  • 41 men gathered in the cabin of the mayflower to drawl up and sign what has become known as the Mayflower compact
  • The Mayflower compact established a civil body politic it did not actually set up a government

U.S History (2 decks)

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