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Biology > Unit 2: Biomolecules > Flashcards

Unit 2: Biomolecules Flashcards

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1
Q

polar

A

a molecule that has a partial positive charge in some spot and a partial negative in another

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2
Q

nonpolar

A

a molecule with no charges or partial charges

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3
Q

hydrophilic

A

polar, attracted to water

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4
Q

hydrophobic

A

nonpolar, not attracted to water

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5
Q

adhesion

A

attraction between molecules of the different substances

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6
Q

cohesion

A

attraction between molecules of the same substance

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7
Q

hydrogen bond

A

a strong intermolecular force between a H atom and a F, O, or N atom

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8
Q

electronegativity

A

how well an atom attracts electrons, chemical property

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9
Q

heat capacity

A

amount of energy required to heat up a substance, stronger IMF=more energy needed

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10
Q

density

A

how close atoms are packed together, mass per unit of volume

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11
Q

pH scale

A

concentration of H+ atoms in a solution, ranges from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic)

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12
Q

atom

A

basic unit of matter, made of a nucleus (protons and neutrons) and rings of electrons

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13
Q

ion

A

an atom with a charge, different number of electrons and protons

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14
Q

molecule

A

two or more atoms bonded together, smallest unit of compounds

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15
Q

element

A

“pure substance” that contains atoms of only one type, distinguished by number of protons, represented by a letter (or two) and has certain properties

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16
Q

functional group

A

patterns of atoms that are found in various molecules and behave the same way (reactivity, properties)

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17
Q

polymer

A

larger molecules made of multiple monomers

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18
Q

monomer

A

smaller molecules

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19
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

a type of polymerization in which water is produced and macromolecules bond to each other

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20
Q

hydrolysis

A

a type of de-polymerization in which water is needed for it to happen, molecules separate

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21
Q

polymerization

A

process in which smaller molecules (monomers) bond to form a larger one (polymers)

22
Q

de-polymerization

A

process in which a larger molecule (polymer) splits into smaller ones (monomers)

23
Q

carbohydrates

A

made of C, H, and O, usually in a 1:2:1 ratio, used for energy

24
Q

protein

A

contain C, H, O, N, and S, polymers made of amino acids, many purposes (regulate, structure, transport)

25
Q

lipids

A

mostly C and H atoms, normally unsoluble, fats, oils, and waxes, many purposes, polymers

26
Q

nucleic acids

A

contain C, H, O, N, and P, polymers made of nucleotides, ex: RNA, DNA

27
Q

monosaccharide

A

simple sugars, type of carb, ex: glucose, galactose, fructose

28
Q

disaccharide

A

two simple sugar molecules bonded together, ex: sucrose (glucose and fructose)

29
Q

polysaccharide

A

complex carbs, many sugar molecules bonded together, store energy ex: glycogen, cellulose

30
Q

amino acids

A

monomers consisting of an amino group (NH2), carboxyl group (COOH), and R side chain

31
Q

polypeptide

A

chain of amino acids, one or more of which make up a protein

32
Q

peptide bond

A

a type of covalent bond that links amino acids together into polypeptides

33
Q

nucleotide

A

monomer made of 3 functional groups: a 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base

34
Q

saturated fat

A

fatty acid chain with no double bonded carbons, “saturated” with hydrogens

35
Q

unsaturated fat

A

at least one double bonded carbon

36
Q

trans fat

A

unsaturated fats that are artificially made saturated by removing double bonded carbons and adding hydrogens

37
Q

glucose

A

a simple sugar/monosaccharide, C6H12O6

38
Q

sucrose

A

a dissacharide made of glucose and frucose

39
Q

glycogen

A

a polysaccharide, stores excess sugar (glucose)

40
Q

cellulose

A

a polysaccharide, makes up cell wall in plants, provides structure

41
Q

triglyceride

A

a lipid polymer made of a glycerol and three fatty acids

42
Q

phospholipid

A

a lipid polymer consisting of a phosphate group, glycerol and two fatty acids

43
Q

steroid

A

a type of lipid, do not contain fatty acids, examples include hormones

44
Q

DNA/RNA

A

examples of nucleic acids, carries genetic information

45
Q

hemoglobin

A

a protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen, made of 4 polypeptide chains

46
Q

6 elements of life

A

C, H, O, N, P, and S

47
Q

properties of water (6)

A

cohesion, adhesion, surface tension, heat capacity, universal solvent, ice floats

48
Q

hydroxyl

A

OH

49
Q

carboxyl

A

COOH

50
Q

carbonyl

A

CO

51
Q

phosphate

A

PO4(H2)

52
Q

amine

A

NH2

Biology (3 decks)

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