UNIT 2- BIOCHEMISTRY Flashcards
What does the atomic number of an element tell you?
The number of protons are the characteristics which make each element unique.
What are valence electrons?
Valence electrons are the electrons that are on the valence shell. They are to interact with atoms.
Are electrons positively charged, or negatively charged?
Negatively charged.
Are protons positively charged, or negatively charged?
Positively charged.
What is the octet rule?
All atoms want 8 electrons in the outer shell.
What is the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond?
A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons, an ionic bond is a force that holds together forces of attractions between oppositely charged ions.
What is a hydrogen bond?
An attraction that occurs between positive and negative charges that do not require much energy to break.
Why is it important for living things, that water takes a long time to heat up or cool down?
Because it helps regulate the constant internal temperatures in living things. This is called High Specific Heat
Why does ice float?
Ice floats because it is less dense than the water.
What is Cohesion
Cohesion is the reaction when water likes to stick to itself.
What is Adhesion?
Adhesion is when water likes to stick to other things.
Where on a pH scale are acids found.
Horizontal; the left. Vertical; the top.
Where on a pH scale are bases found?
Horizontal; the right. Vertical; the bottom.
What are household examples of acids?
Battery acid, soda, vinegar, lemon juice
What are household examples of bases?
Baking soda, borax, ammonia
What makes a molecule organic?
Organic molecules must contain carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen atoms. These are called C+H bonds.
What is organic?
Something being organic means that it is made of hydrogen and carbon bonds. These could also include oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, etc.
What are the monomers of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
What are the monomers of proteins?
Amino Acids
What are the monomers of lipids?
Glycerol & Fatty Acids
What are functions of Carbohydrates?
Primary source of energy for the body. (Gives QUICK ENERGY)
What are functions of Lipids?
Secondary source of energy, used for long lasting energy.
What are functions of Proteins?
Structure of your body, cellular components. (Builds keratin, muscles, silk, hair, insulin, & hemoglobin.) As well as repair body tissue.
Why do living organisms need enzymes?
Without enzymes digestion would take weeks instead of hours.
Enzymes work by doing what?
Speeding up chemical reactions.
The substance that an enzyme binds to is the, what?
The substrate specific for that enzyme.
The pocket on the surface of an enzyme where things can bind is called the, what?
The Active Site.
What happens to an enzyme after a reaction?
Products leave the enzyme.
What effect do environmental changes in temperature have on enzymes?
If the temperature increases, the enzyme looses shape, and the substrate would no longer fit.
