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ECEN375 > unit 2 Assembly Language > Flashcards

unit 2 Assembly Language Flashcards

1
Q

what is architecture?

A

the programmer’s view of a computer

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2
Q

what is architecture defined by?

A

instructions set (language) and operand locations(registers and memory)

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3
Q

what are instructions?

A

the words in a computer’s language

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4
Q

what is an instruction set?

A

the computer’s vocabulary

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5
Q

where might operands come from?

A

memory, registers, or from the instruction itself

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6
Q

how does the ARM architecture represent each instruction?

A

as a 32-bit word

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7
Q

microarchitecture is?

A

the specific arrangement of registers, memories, ALUs, and other building blocks to form a microprocessor

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8
Q

what is assembly language?

A

the human-readable representation of the computer’s native language.

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9
Q

what do assembly language instructions specify?

A

the operation to perform and the operands on which to operate

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10
Q

what is a mnemonic?

A

a symbolic name for a single executable machine language instruction

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11
Q

what is a source operand?

A

the variables the operation is being performed on

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12
Q

what is the destination operand?

A

the operand the result is written to

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13
Q

what is an example of ARM assembly code for subtraction?

A

SUB a, b, c

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14
Q

what is an example of ARM assembly code for addition?

A

ADD a,b,c

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15
Q

what does an instruction operate on?

A

operands

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16
Q

In ADD a,b,c what are the variables?

A

operands

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17
Q

where can operands be stored?

A

registers, memory, or in the instruction itself

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18
Q

what is the register set or register file?

A

the 16 registers used by the ARM architecture

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19
Q

The fewer the registers the___?

A

faster they can be accessed

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20
Q

contents are called Immediate operands because?

A

their values are immediately available from the instruction and do not require a register or memory access

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21
Q

what is the move instruction (MOV) useful for?

A

initializing register values small or large

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22
Q

what is the difference between memory and register file?

A

memory is larger and slower

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23
Q

what variables are kept in the register?

A

frequently used variables

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24
Q

ARM architecture instructions operate exclusively on?

A

registers, so data stored in memory must be moved to before it can be processed

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25
Q

Most significant byte (MSB) is?

A

on the left

26
Q

least significant byte (LSB) is?

A

on the right

27
Q

the 32-bit word address and data value are given in what number system?

A

hexadecimal

28
Q

what does the loader register instruction(LDR) do?

A

allows you to read a data word from memory into a register

29
Q

how big is a each data word?

A

4 bytes

30
Q

how much bigger is a word address than a word number?

A

4 times

31
Q

how is a memory address formed?

A

adding the contents of the base register and the offset

32
Q

what does # represent?

A

the immediate

33
Q

what is the store register instruction (STR) used for?

A

to write a data word from a register into memory

34
Q

how are byte-addressable memories organized?

A

in a big-endian or little-endian fashion

35
Q

In both big-endian and little-endian the most significant by (MSB) is where?

A

on the left and the LSB is on the right

36
Q

how are bytes numbered in big-endian?

A

starting with o at the big(most significant) end (left end).

37
Q

how are bytes numbered in little-endian?

A

starting with 0 at the little(least significant) end (right end).

38
Q

What is an example of a Register?

A

R0 “ register 0)

39
Q

what are the saved registers?

A

R4-R11

40
Q

what do R4-R11 hold?

A

variables

41
Q

what are the temporary registers?

A

R0-R3 and R12

42
Q

what do R0-R3 and R12 hold?

A

intermediate values

43
Q

how many bits of precision must a constant have?

A

< 8

44
Q

how many registers can MOV use?

A

2 registers

45
Q

each data byte has a unique?

A

address

46
Q

how many bytes does a 32-bit word equal?

A

4 bytes

47
Q

a word address increments by?

A

4

48
Q

address of memory word must be multiplied by?

A

4, 2x4 = 8

49
Q

AND and BIC are useful For?

A

masking bits

50
Q

how would AND or BIC mask 0xF234012F (AND or BIC) 0x000000FF ?

A

0x0000002F

51
Q

what is ORR useful for?

A

combining bit fields

52
Q

how would ORR combine 0xF2340000 with 0x00012BC?

A

0xF23412BC

53
Q

what is the conditional flag N?

A

negative, instruction result is negative

54
Q

what is the conditional flag Z?

A

zero, instruction results in zero

55
Q

what is the conditional flag C?

A

Carry, instruction causes an unsigned carry

56
Q

what is the conditional flag V?

A

Overflow, instruction causes an overflow

57
Q

where can Conditional Mnuemonics be added to Mnuemonic like SUB?

A

the end

58
Q

what does a branch allow you to do?

A

enable out of sequence instruction execution

59
Q

what are the types of branches?

A

Branch(B) and Branch and link(BL)

60
Q

what do branches point to?

A

labels

61
Q

what is a Label?

A

an instruction location

62
Q

do branches have to be conditional?

A

no, they can be unconditional

ECEN375 (5 decks)

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