unit 2 apes google drive notes

Question 1

Biodiversity

Answer 1

Number and variety of organisms found within a specified geographic region or ecosystem
Variability among living organisms (within/between species/ecosystems)
bioD in all forms is the result of evolution

Question 2

Evolution

Answer 2

Change in a population’s genetic composition overtime

Question 3

Speciation

Answer 3

how new species are formed

Question 4

Evolutionary fitness

Answer 4

individual organisms better adapted for their environment live and reproduce → their genes are part of their population’s next generation

Question 5

Species

Answer 5

group of organisms that are capable of breeding with one another

Question 6

Natural selection

Answer 6

habitat selects certain organisms to live and reproduce and others die
-Beneficial characteristics that can be inherited are passed down to the next generation
-Unfavorable characteristics that can be inherited become less common in population
-Nat selection acts upon whole pop, not on an individual organism
Gene pool changes

Question 7

Genetic drift

Answer 7

accumulation of changes in the frequency of alleles (versions of a gene) over time due to sampling errors (changes that occur as a result of random chance)

Question 8

Microevolution

Answer 8

when a population displays small scale changes over a relatively short period of time

Question 9

Macroevolution:

Answer 9

large-scale patterns of evolution within biological organisms over a long period of time

Question 10

Extinction

Answer 10

species can’t adapt quickly enough tot env change and all members of the species die

Question 11

Biological extinction

Answer 11

true extermination of a species → there are no individuals of this species left on the planet

Question 12

Ecological extinction

Answer 12

there are so few individuals of a species that they can no longer perform its ecological function

Question 13

Commercial/economic extincion

Answer 13

few individuals exist but effort needed to locate and harvest them is not worth the expense

Question 14

Keystone species

Answer 14

-single species that maintains biotic balance in a community
-Presence contributes to ecosystems diversity
-Extinction of keystone species would lead to extinction of other forms of life

Question 15

Indicator species

Answer 15

-used as standard to eval health of an ecosystem
-More sensitive to biological changes within their ecosystems than other species → used as an early warning sys to detect dangerous changes to a community

Question 16

Indegenious species

Answer 16

originate and live or occur naturally in an area/env

Question 17

Invasive species

Answer 17

introduced species

Question 18

Habitat fragmentation

Answer 18

when the size of an organism’s natural habitat is reduced

Question 19

Ecotones

Answer 19

where ecosystems meet at wide and overlapping boundaries

Question 20

Edge effect

Answer 20

at ecotones, greater species diversity and biological density than there is in the heart of ecological communities

Question 21

Theory of island biogeography

Answer 21

Number of species found on an undisturbed island is determined by two factors: IMMIGRAITON and EXTINCTION

Question 22

Threatened

Answer 22

number of individuals in a species is quite low

Question 23

Endangered

Answer 23

species in imminent danger of going extinct
-Most endangered: require large ranges of habitat to survive, hae low reproductive rates, have specialized feeding habits, low pop numbers

Question 24

Background extinction rate:

Answer 24

natural rate of extinction

Question 25

bioD hot spot

Answer 25

highly diverse region that faces severe threats and has already lost 70% of its original vegetation

Question 25

1973
Endangered Species Act Program for the protection of threatened plants and animals and their habitats

Answer 25

Prohibited the commerce of those species considered to be endangered or threatened

Question 25

1972
Marine mammal Protection Act

Answer 25

Protected marine mammals from falling below their optimum sustainable pop levels

Question 26

1973
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)

Answer 26

Bans capture, exportation, sale of endangered and threatened species