Unit 2 AOS 3 Flashcards
what are abiotic factors?
Factors affecting a population that are environmental factors
3
what are some examples of abiotic factors?
temperature, dessication (drying out) and weather
what are biotic factors?
factors affecting a population that is a living factor
2
What are some examples of biotic factors?
predators and diseases
what is the bottom 2 things in the food chain?
energy, producers
what are producers?
members of an ecosystem community that bring energy from an external source into the ecosystem
what are the main producers?
plants
what is another name for producers?
autotrophic
Can an ecosystem exist without producers?
No
what is another name for consumers?
heterotrophs
what are consumers?
organisms that obtain their energy and organic matter by eating or ingesting the organic matter of other organisms
what are the 4 subcategories of consumers/heterotrophs?
herbivores, carnivores, omnivores and detritivores
what are herbivores?
creatures that only eat plants,
what are carnivores?
creatures that only eat animals
what are omnivores?
creatures that eat plants and animals
what are detritivores?
which eat decomposing organic matter such as rotting leaves, dung or decaying animal remains
what is an example of detritivores?
earthworms
what are decomposers?
organisms, such as fungi, that can break down and absorb the organic matter of dead organisms or their products
what is the difference between decomposers and detritivores?
decomposers first break down the organic matter outside their bodies by releasing enzymes, and then they absorb some of the products, whereas detritivores don’t
what are the levels of the food chain?
- energy
- producer
- primary consumer
- secondary consumer
- tertiary consumer
what are trophic levels?
a different name for the levels of the food chain
what are keystone species?
species whose presence in an ecosystem is essential for the maintenance of that ecosystem
what is an example of a keystone species?
elephant
what are the three types of adaptations?
behavioural, structural and physiological
what is a behavioural adaptation?
Activities that an organism performs in response to internal and external stimuli
what is a structural adaptation?
Physical features of an organism that enable them to survive in a given environment
what is a physiological adaptation?
Internal and/or cellular features of an organism that enable them to survive in a given environment
what is an example of a physiological adaptation?
Vasoconstriction of blood vessels that conserves heat and increases blood pressure
what is an example of a structural adaptation?
Blubber in seals providing a protective layer from the cold temperatures of the ocean
what is an intraspecific relationship?
Competition for resources between members of the same species
what is an interspecific relationship?
competition for resources between members of different species
what is an amensalism relationship?
one organism is inhibited or destroyed, the other is unaffected
what is a predator-prey relationship?
one species kills and eats the other
what is an herbivore-plant relationship?
an animal eats a plant
what is a parasitism relationship?
an organism living on or within another organism to derive a benefit, whilst harming the host
what is a mutualism relationship?
a beneficial relationship between two species
what is a commensalism relationship?
one member gains a benefit and the other is unaffected
what is intraspecific competition?
competition for resources in an ecosystem involving members of the same species
what is symbiosis?
prolonged association in which there is benefit to at least one partner
what are the 5 bioethical concepts?
integrity, justice, Beneficence, non-maleficence and respect
what is integrity?
doing the right thing even if no one is looking
what is justice?
equal distribution of benefits, rights, costs, and resources
what is beneficence?
aiming to improve conditions for others through generosity and kindness
what is non-maleficence?
avioding actions which led to harmful consequences
what is respect ?
considering the wellbeing, freedom, independence, values and beliefs of all people
what are the 8 relationships?
intraspecific, interspecific, amensalism, predator-prey, herbivore-plant, parasitism, mutualism and commensalism
