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health unit 1 and 2 > unit 2 AOS 1: Development Transitions > Flashcards

unit 2 AOS 1: Development Transitions Flashcards

1
Q

what is fertilisation?

A

when the sperm penetrates the egg

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2
Q

prenatal age range and development milestone x2

A

fertilisation to birth
- rapid cells division
-rapid growth

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3
Q

infancy age range and development milestone x2

A

birth- 2nd birthday
- using simple words
-playing social games

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4
Q

early childhood age range and development milestone x2

A

2nd - 6th birthday
- making friends
- becoming toilet trained

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5
Q

late childhood age range and development milestone x2

A

6th - 12th birthday
-reading and writing skills
- developing long term memory

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6
Q

youth age range and development milestone x2

A

12-18
-increased independence
-sexual maturity

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7
Q

early adulthood age range and development milestone x2

A

18 -40
- choosing a life partner
- gaining employment

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8
Q

middle adulthood age range and development milestone x2

A

40-65
- physical sign of aging such as grey hair
- becoming a grandparent

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9
Q

late adulthood age range and development milestone x2

A

65- death
- loss of hair
- enduring greif through the loss of loved ones

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10
Q

physical development definition

A

changes that occur to the body and its systemes
incl external and internal

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11
Q

intellectual development definition

A

increase in complexity of processes in the brain such as thought, knowledge and memory

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12
Q

emotional development definition

A

feelings and the ways in which an individual learns to express, understand and exercise control over them.

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13
Q

social development definition

A

increasing complexity of behaviour patterns used in relationships with other people

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14
Q

what is gross motor skills

A

Refer to movements that involve large muscle groups such as walking, throwing, skipping and kicking

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15
Q

fine motor skills

A

Involve control over the smaller muscle groups such as those used for writing and cutting

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16
Q

physical development in youth and childhood

A

youth: secondary sexual characteristics develop
childhood: bouncing a ball

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17
Q

intellectual development in youth and childhood

A

youth: greater moral reasoning
childhood: knowledge and memory

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18
Q

emotional development in youth and childhood

A

youth: gaining sense of identity
childhood: experiencing the full range of emotions

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19
Q

social development in youth and childhood

A

youth: getting paid employment
childhood: learning different behaviours such as table manners

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20
Q

what is the ovum?

A

a female reproductive cell, which can develop into a new individual after fertilization

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21
Q

what is the sperm?

A

male reproductive cell

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22
Q

what is the zygote?

A

a full cell resulting from the fusion of a sperm and an ovum

23
Q

what is teratogen?

A

anything in the environment of the embryo that can cause defects in development.

24
Q

what is implantation?

A

when a cluster of cells that will become an embryo attaches itself to the endometrium

25
Q

what is the placenta?

A

an organ that allows the transfer of nutrients, gases and wastes between mother and foetus

26
Q

what is perinatal mortality?

A

still birth of the fetus

27
Q

what is the process of fertilisation?

A
  1. movement of conception is when the woman’s ovum is fertilised by the man’s sperm
  2. the zygote is formed which contains 23 chromosomes from each parent
  3. The sex and all inherited characteristics
    are decided in that instant.
28
Q

what’s the perception about adults?

A
  • they’re at their peak physical shape
  • responsible and hard working
  • youths see them as being out of touch
29
Q

perception about youths?

A
  • media represents them with crime and portray them negatively
  • sometimes seen as hardworking and are full with opportunities.
30
Q

what are 3 needs needs of a child

A
  • opportunities for learning
  • safety from danger and threats
  • praise
31
Q

what’s the optimal environment for development for a child?

A
  • positive communication
  • acting as role models
32
Q

changes the comes with parenting

A
  • Changes in their relationship – spending less time together
  • lack of sleep
33
Q

social and emotional support for parents

A
  • babysitters
  • friends and family
  • meal preparation
34
Q

resources that new parents need

A
  • government assistance
  • material resources (money. housing)
    -family resources
35
Q

2 characteristic of the germinal stage and how long it is

A

2 weeks
- After three days, the zygote consists of 16 cells.
- formation of the placenta begins

36
Q

2 characteristic of the embryonic stage and how long it is

A

3 - 8 weeks
- the brain is active
- tiny muscles with finger and toes are starting to form.

37
Q

2 characteristic of the foetal stage and how long it is

A

9- 38 weeks
- eyebrows and eyelashes grow
- tongue develops taste buds

38
Q

2 government programs that help in promoting health (with 2x points for each)

A

Medicare: - provides free or subsidised health care for australians, including free treatment in public hospitals
- because it’s affordable it can lead to early detection of issues during pregnancy
My Health, learning and development record (victoria only): can provide reminder for maternal health appointments
- can record the child’s milestones, health and wellbeing, growth etc.
raising children: provide fact sheets

39
Q

2 personal programs and strategies while pregnant

A
  • maintaining healthy body weight
  • reducing stress levels.
40
Q

2 local government strategies

A
  • providing playgroups for the parent and their childs
  • recreation facilities such as walking paths and public pools.
41
Q

what are the four parenting practices

A
  1. Authoritarian: strong focus on discipline and forceful
  2. Authoritative: fair discipline, good behaviour is awarded and limits and boundaries are set and explained.
  3. Permissive: little or no expectation of the child, ignores bad behaviour and give in easily for the child demands
  4. uninvolved: tends to be neglectful, unresponsive and don’t communicate, may use abuse to discipline their child.
42
Q

example of physical health and well being

A

healthy body weight

43
Q

example of social health and well being

A

effective communication with other, adapting to different social situations

44
Q

example of mental health and wellbeing

A

positive self esteem

45
Q

example of emotional health and wellbeing

A

experiencing peace and harmony

46
Q

what is spermarche

A

first ejactulation of the males

47
Q

the risks that comes with smoking while pregnant

A

low birth weight

48
Q

how is folate a protective factor while pregnant

A

folate is required for the formation of red blood cells, which transport oxygen around the body. folate consumption before and during pregnancy reduces the risk of neural tube defects (sexual dysfunction)

49
Q

how is iodine a protective factor while pregnant

A

to promote optimal brain and nervous system development.
Inadequate intake of iodine during pregnancy can cause stunted growth and intellectual disability

50
Q

whats are some physical milestone for early, middle and late adulthood?

A

Early: sexual maturity reached
Middle: wrinkles appear
Late: facial hair on woman

51
Q

whats are some intellectual milestone for early, middle and late adulthood?

A

Early: frontal lobe fully developed so more critical thinking
Middle: wisdom develops through experiences
Late: slower reaction time

52
Q

whats are some social milestone for early, middle and late adulthood?

A

early: gaining employment
middle: become a grandparent
late: loss of spouse

53
Q

whats are some emotional milestone for early, middle and late adulthood?

A

early: self-concpet is developed
middle: self confidence & acceptance of personal identity
late: dealing with death of a spouse

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