Unit 2 - Antifungal Therapy and Prevention Flashcards
are microorganisms that often
produce annoying symptoms in humans.
Fungi (yeasts and molds)
Most common mycotic infections that occur in humans involve the
hair, skin, nails (dermatophytic), and genitals
Three principal areas where fungi are encountered that require drug intervention:
- systemic infection
- dermatophytic infection
- opportunistic infection (Candida albicans causing infections)
Dermatophytic fungal infections usually inhabit a specific location:
skin, hair, nails
Tinea spp. in the hair or skin
Tinea capitis
Tinea spp. in toenail and fingernail infection. often referred to as onchomycosis
Tinea unguium
Tinea spp. causing athlete’s foor
Tinea pedis
diabetes and pregnancy predispose
individuals to developing yeast infections.
Candidiasis
Common cause of vaginal irritation is referred to as a yeast infection or
monoliasis
occurs in the mouth or pharynx
Oral tush
is most commonly diagnosed in patients with HIV, those receiving treatment with antibiotics, those using inhaled corticosteroids, or those receiving chemotherapy.
Esophageal candidiasis
Systemic Infections sites
Blood, bones, lungs
Dermatophytic infections sites
hair, nails, skin
Candida albicans sites
skin, mucous membranes
acute superficial infections may require _____
weeks of treatment.
1 to 2 weeks
Chronic recurring infections, especially those in nail beds, may take up to ______ of drug treatment.
6 months
For immunosuppressed patients, treatment may _____________.
continue indefinitely
a metabolic product of a Penicillium mold.
Griseofulvin
(systemic infections) come from Streptomyces bacteria.
Nystatin and amphotericin B
is an organic fatty acid derived from natural castor oil from the castor bean plant.
Undecylenic acid (athlete’s foot)
are found in Aspergillus molds.
Echinocandins
(Echinocandins) Include three drugs:
anidula fungin,
caspo fungin, and
micafungin
Most frequently used synthetic drugs are the
imidazoles and triazoles
Other synthetic drugs but are not frequently used:
Econazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and
voriconazole
