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AP Art History > Unit 2: Ancient Mediterranean: 3,500 BCE - 300CE > Flashcards

Unit 2: Ancient Mediterranean: 3,500 BCE - 300CE Flashcards

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1
Q

cuneiform

A

wedge-shaped characters used in ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia, Persia, and Ugarit, surviving on clay tablets

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2
Q

ziggurat (ancient Mesopotamia)

A

rectangular shaped tower, often mounted by a temple

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3
Q

cella

A

inner area of an ancient temple

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4
Q

Anu

A

a supreme deity of Mesopotamia, god of the sky

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5
Q

Inanna

A

Sumerian goddess of love, beauty, sex, desire, fertility, war, combat, political power

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6
Q

city-state

A

city with surrounding territory forming an independent state

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7
Q

votive offering

A

objects displayed in a sacred place for religious purposes without intention of recovery or use

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8
Q

citadel

A

fortress on high ground, protecting/dominating a city

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9
Q

pharaoh

A

ancient Egyptian kings

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10
Q

palatte

A

thin board or slab in which colours or cosmetics are mixed

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11
Q

pharaonic mortuary temples

A

temples adjacent to royal Egyptian tombs, designed to commemorate the pharaoh and for use of the pharaoh’s cult

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12
Q

papyrus scroll

A

material made from papyrus reed used by ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans for writing/painting

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13
Q

papyrus reed motifs

A

common in Egyptian art, seen in tombs and temples

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14
Q

colonnade

A

row of columns supporting a roof, an entablature, or arcade

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15
Q

Lamassu

A

Assyrian protective deity, depicted as having human head, ox/lion body, bird’s wings

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16
Q

sunken reliefs

A

sculptural relief in which outlines are incised in a plane surface

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17
Q

acropolis (art)

A

fortified hilltop in an ancient Greek city

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18
Q

agora (art)

A

public open space in ancient Greece used for assemblies and markets

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19
Q

Amarna Style

A

art from the reign of Akhenaton with a more relaxed style

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20
Q

Ankh

A

Egyptian symbol of good luck and eternal life

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21
Q

amphora

A

ancient Greek two-handled jar used for storage purposes, usually wine or oil

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22
Q

apadana (art)

A

great audience hall in ancient Persian palaces

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23
Q

architrave

A

main beam resting on tops of columns

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24
Q

atrium

A

formal entrance of ancient Roman house, open to the sky at the centre and featuring a pool for collection of rain water

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25
Q

axial plane

A

plan in which parts of building are organized against an axis

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26
Q

base

A

lower part of column or pier

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27
Q

barrel vault

A

simplest form of vault, unbroken series of arches forming a tunnel-like shape

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28
Q

basilica

A

semicircular secular buildings used as law courts and markets, for public assemblies

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29
Q

bust

A

sculpture depicting person’s head, neck, and part of the chest

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30
Q

bent-axis approach

A

processional pathway up a temple, shape of an angular spiral, needs to turn to see the temple reliefs

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31
Q

coffer

A

sunken panel in ceilings, often square/rectangular and ornamental

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32
Q

capital

A

top part of a column

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33
Q

caryatid

A

sculpted female figure serving as building column

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34
Q

atlantid

A

building column shaped like a male figure

35
Q

clerestory

A

row of windows in the upper part of a wall

36
Q

composite figure

A

twist of body in representation, profile with feet, legs, hips and head turning to the side but torso forward

37
Q

continuous narrative

A

work of art that contains several scenes of the same story painted/sculpted in single frame

38
Q

contrapposto

A

asymmetrical arrangement of human figure where weight rests on one leg

39
Q

Corinthian Order

A

base, fluted column, elaborate and decorated capital

40
Q

cubiculum

A

private room in ancient Roman, high-status house

41
Q

Doric Order

A

simplest order, unadorned columns with no base

42
Q

encaustic

A

painting technique where pigment is mixed with was and applied to hot surface

43
Q

entablature

A

continuous lintel on a classical building supported by columns or wall, holds the architrave, frieze, cornice

44
Q

facade

A

front of building

45
Q

foreshortening

A

visual effect where an objected is shortened and turned deeper to give the effect of receding

46
Q

forum

A

public meeting place in Rome

47
Q

fresco

A

painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints

48
Q

funerary

A

embellishments added to resting place of the dead, meant to be seen after funeral ceremonies

49
Q

groin vault

A

vault formed when two barrel vaults meet at right angles

50
Q

ground line

A

painted or carved baseline in which figures seem to stand

51
Q

hierarchy of scale

A

pictural convention where important figures are represented in a larger size

52
Q

idealism

A

encourages art to realize a standard of perfection

53
Q

Ionic Order

A

fluted column shaft, capitals with spiral volutes, large base

54
Q

in situ

A

in its original place

55
Q

Ka

A

ancient Egypt word for immortal human life force (soul)

56
Q

krater

A

large, ancient Greek bowl used for mixing water and wine

57
Q

kouros (m)/kore (f)

A

free-standing nude males/clothed maidens

58
Q

keystone

A

centre stone of arch, holds others in place

59
Q

lapis lazuli

A

bright blue rock used for colour, decoration, and jewellery

60
Q

Mustaba

A

large rectangular structure used as tomb in ancient Egypt

61
Q

metope

A

panel between the triglyphs, often sculpted in relief

62
Q

necropolis

A

large, elaborate cemetery with tomb monuments

63
Q

naturalism

A

style and theory or representation based on accurate depiction of detail

64
Q

oculus

A

round opening at the centre of a dome

65
Q

pediment

A

triangular upper part of the front of a Classical building

66
Q

peplos

A

garment worn by ancient Greek women

67
Q

peristyle

A

continuous porch formed by row of columns surrounding the perimetre of a building or courtyard

68
Q

portico

A

entrance to a building with a covered and columned area

69
Q

pylon

A

wide entrance of an Egyptian temple characterized by sloping wall

70
Q

frieze

A

narrow band of sculpture that runs along the architrave of a building

71
Q

register

A

horizontal bands that tell a narrative story

72
Q

shaft

A

main support of a column or pier

73
Q

stele

A

standing stone slab used in the ancient world as a grave marker, dedication, commemoration, and demarcation

74
Q

stucco

A

fine plaster made of cement, sand, and lime for covering exterior walls of buildings

75
Q

stoa

A

open building with roof supported by a row of columns parallel to the back wall

76
Q

stylobate

A

uppermost course of the platform of a Greek temple

77
Q

surrogate

A

literalist art object invokes customs of personal manners and civil reciprocity

78
Q

tesserae

A

small piece of stone, glass, or other object pieced together with others to form a mosaic

79
Q

triglyph

A

triple grooved member of frieze that alternates with metopes

80
Q

Tuscan Order

A

Roman order of smooth columns that sit on simple bases with no carves on the frieze or capitals

81
Q

vault

A

curved ceiling made of arches

82
Q

verism

A

realistic style of Roman art that highlights imperfections of the face to emphasize old age and gravitas

83
Q

volute

A

spiral, scroll like form characteristic of Greek Ionic and Roman Composite capital forms

84
Q

wet drapery

A

cloth that appears to cling to the body in animated folds while revealing the contours of the form beneath

AP Art History (4 decks)

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