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Higher Chemistry > Unit 2 - Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones and Acids > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones and Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

What are alcohols?

A

A homologous series containing a hydroxyl (OH) group

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2
Q

What is ethanol commonly used in?

A

Alcoholic drinks

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3
Q

What is the prefix for 1?

A

Meth

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4
Q

What is the prefix for 2?

A

Eth

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5
Q

What is the prefix for 3?

A

Prop

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6
Q

What is the prefix for 4?

A

But

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7
Q

What is the prefix for 5?

A

Pent

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8
Q

What is the prefix for 6?

A

Hex

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9
Q

What is the prefix for 7?

A

Hept

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10
Q

What is the prefix for 8?

A

Oct

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11
Q

What is this the general formula of alcohols?

A

CnH(2n+1)OH

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12
Q

What are alcohols containing two hydroxyl groups called?

A

Diols
Di = 2
Ol = Alcohol ending

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13
Q

What are alcohols containing three hydroxyl groups called?

A

Triols
Tri = 2
Ol = Alcohol ending

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14
Q

What makes alcohols polar and what does this give rise to?

A

The OH group and it gives rise to hydrogen bonding

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15
Q

What is a carboxylic acid?

A

A homologous series containing the carboxyl (COOH) functional group

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16
Q

What is the general formula for carboxylic acids?

A

CnH(2n+1)COOH

17
Q

Are carboxylic acids polar?

A

Yes

18
Q

Can carboxylic acids form hydrogen bonds?

A

Yes - through the OH part of the carboxyl group

19
Q

What is oxidation in carbon compounds?

A

An increase in the “Power of Oxygen”
OR
An increase in the oxygen to hydrogen ratio.

20
Q

What is reduction in carbon compounds?

A

A decrease in the “Power of Oxygen”
OR
A decrease in the oxygen to hydrogen ratio

21
Q

What is another name for an aldehyde?

A

Alkanal

22
Q

What do aldehyde names end with?

A

-anal

23
Q

What is the functional group of the alkanals/aldehydes?

A

O=C-H

24
Q

What is the general formula of the alkanals/aldehydes?

A

CnH2nO

25
Q

What is another name for ketones?

A

Alkanones

26
Q

What do ketone names end in?

A

-one

27
Q

For aldehydes the functional group is always found where?

A

At the end of the molecule

28
Q

For ketones the functional group is always found where?

A

NOT at the ends of the molecule
Somewhere in between in the middle part

29
Q

Aldehydes can be oxidised to ___

A

Carboxylic Acids

30
Q

Ketones cannot be ______

A

Oxidised

31
Q

What type of alcohol can form aldehydes?

A

Primary

32
Q

What type of alcohol can form ketones?

A

Secondary

33
Q

Tertiary alcohols cannot be ______

A

Oxidised

34
Q

What is the general formula for ketones?

A

CnH2nO

35
Q

What are the three types of alcohols?

A

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary

Higher Chemistry (10 decks)

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