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Biology Unit 2 > Unit 2: Aerobic Respiration > Flashcards

Unit 2: Aerobic Respiration Flashcards

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0
Q

When does aerobic cellular respiration occur?

A

0% (sitting, sleeping) up to about 75% (moderate jog)

Low to moderate intensity

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1
Q

What is aerobic cellular respiration?

A

Production of ATP through the use of oxygen to help fully break down carbs, fats and sometimes protein during any activity from 0% to 75%

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2
Q

Aerobic respiration and the body…

A

It is the body’s preferred way to make ATP because it is efficient and the only harmful byproduct produces is carbon dioxide which can be exhaled

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3
Q

What does aerobic respiration require?

A
  1. Enzymes to add phosphate to ADP
  2. Oxygen
  3. Enzymes to catalyze redox reactions involving energy carriers (NAD and FAD)
  4. Mitochondria
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4
Q

Stage one of aerobic respiration

A

Glycolysis:
- process of harnessing energy in which one glucose molecule is broken into two Pyruvate molecules in the cytoplasm of the cell

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5
Q

Stage 2B of aerobic respiration

A

Pyruvate oxidation:

  • removal of another carbon from each Pyruvate and the loss of electrons to NAD becoming NADH, H+
  • coenzyme A is added forming two products of acetyl coA
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6
Q

Stage 3 of aerobic respiration

A

Krebs cycle:

  • further transfers the energy in acetyl-coA into ATP
  • uses FAD and NAD which acts as electron acceptors in order to gain energy and become NADH and FADH2
  • makes 2 ATP
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7
Q

What is significant about the product of the Krebs cycle?

A

The product is used to start the cycle again

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8
Q

What is needed for the Krebs cycle?

A
  • 2 acetyl-coA
  • 2 oxaloacetate
  • 6 NAD
  • 2 FAD
  • 2 ADP and 2 P
  • 2 H and 2 H2O
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9
Q

What is produced in the Krebs cycle?

A
  • 2 coA
  • 2 oxaloacetate
  • 6 NADH and 6H
  • 2 FADH2
  • 2 ATP
  • 4 CO2
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10
Q

After glycolysis, for aerobic respiration to continue, 2 Pyruvate molecules must move from the _____ and enter the ______ , where the second and third stages of cell respiration occur

A

Cytoplasm

Mitochondrial matrix

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11
Q

What occurs in Pyruvate oxidation?

A
  • Pyruvate molecules enter the matrix of the mitochondria with the help of a protein channel to pass through the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes
  • coenzyme A attaches to the carboxyl group of the Pyruvate molecule, which enables it to be oxidized, while NAD is reduced and becomes NADH and H
  • the remaining carboxyl group is removed as waste in the form of CO2
  • resulting product is acetyl-coA, which enters the Krebs cycle
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12
Q

Through the Pyruvate oxidation, the molecule is _____ and NAD is _____ to become ______

A

Oxidizes
Reduced
NADH H

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13
Q

The Pyruvate oxidation produces ____ molecule of NADH for it’s energy contribution

A

2

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14
Q

What does the Krebs cycle produce?

A
  • 6 NADH
  • 2 ATP
  • 2 FADH2

(For each molecule of glucose that enters cellular respiration)

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15
Q

For ever glucose, aerobic respiration makes ____ ATP

A

38 ATP

16
Q

Products of glycolysis…

A

2 NADH and 2 ATP

17
Q

Products of Pyruvate oxidation…

A

2 NADH

18
Q

Products of the Krebs cycle…

A

6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP

19
Q

Products or oxidative phosphorylation…

A

34 ATP

20
Q

During oxidative phosphorylation, each NADH can generate ____ ATP, while each FADH2 can generate ___ ATP

A

3

2

21
Q

Number of each electron carrier that enters stage 4

A

10 NADH H

2 FADH2

22
Q

How many ATP can each electron carrier generate during stage 4?

A

NADH H = 30 (10x3)

FADH2 = 4 (2x2)

23
Q

Steps of Pyruvate oxidation…

A
  1. Carbon is chopped off by an enzyme called decarboxylase in the form of carbon dioxide, which is exhaled out of the body
  2. NAD picks up electrons and is reduced to NADH, H+
  3. Coenzyme A is added
24
Q

Molecules involved in the Krebs cycle…

A 
Acetyl coA is added with oxaloacetate 
Citrate
Isocitrate 
Alpha-ketoglutarate 
Succinyl coA 
Succinate 
Fumarate 
Malate 
Oxaloacetate
25
Q

3 things about aerobic respiration that are different from anaerobic respiration…

A
  • oxygen is required
  • byproduct or aerobic is not harmful and can easily be removed
  • aerobic takes place during low to moderate intensity while anaerobic respiration occurs during high intensity
26
Q

Parts of the mitochondria…

A
  • outer membrane (very outside)
  • inner membrane
  • intermembrane space (in between the outer and inner membrane)
  • cristae (each fold of the inner membrane)
  • matrix (the space of the middle, in the inner membrane)
27
Q

Details of all stages of aerobic respiration (name of stage, # of energy carriers made, ATP made, where in the cell is occurs)

A
  1. Glycolysis, 2 NADH made, 2 ATP made, in cytoplasm
    2B. Pyruvate oxidation, 2 NADH, 0 ATP, mitochondrial matrix
  2. Krebs cycle, 6 NADH made, 2 FADH2 made, total 8 electron carriers made, 2 ATP produced, in mitochondrial matrix
  3. Oxidative phosphorylation, 0 energy carriers made (10 NADH and 2 FADH3 used), 34 ATP made, in cristae (for step 1) and intermembrane space (for step 2)
28
Q

Final electron carrier in the chain? What does it accept? What is created as the byproduct?

A

Oxygen cleans up the remaining hydrogen ions to form H2O (6 H2O molecules)

29
Q

What is the proton motive force?

A

The concentration gradient between the intermembrane space, which has a high concentration of H+, and the matrix, which has a lower amount of hydrogen ions (protons). Main drive of the production of ATP

30
Q

What is the enzyme / protein channel responsible for generating ATP? Where is it found? Where does it get the energy to do this?

A

ATP synthase gets energy from the hydrogen ions (protons) floating freely in the intermembrane space as it passes through so it can add an inorganic phosphate to ADP to form ATP

Biology Unit 2 (3 decks)

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