Unit 2 AC 1.1

Question 1

What is the Definition of Crime?

Answer 1

Behaviour that goes against the laws set down by the government of a country

Question 2

What is the definition of deviance?

Answer 2

Behaviour that goes against the expected norms and values in society

Question 3

What is the definition of a social norm?

Answer 3

An expected way of behaving in society

Question 4

What is the definition of values?

Answer 4

A shared set of beliefs

Question 5

What is a moral code?

Answer 5

Used to describe a set of basic rules, values and principles held by an individual, group, organisation or society as a whole

Question 6

What does it mean for behaviour to be unusual and eccentric/bizarre?

Answer 6

It refers to behaviours that are atypical and may be seen as quirky or odd but not necessarily harmful.

Eccentric behaviours can often be harmless and may even be celebrated in certain contexts

Question 7

What is the definition of social construction?

Answer 7

Refers to something that has been made or defined by society, rather than simply occuring natrually

Question 8

What is the legal definition of crime?

Answer 8

Any action that is forbidden by the criminal law

Question 9

What is the term for ‘guilty act’ in legal context?

Answer 9

Actus Rea

Actus Rea refers to the physical act or conduct that constitutes a criminal offence

Question 10

What does ‘guilty mind’ refer to in legal terms?

Answer 10

Mens Rea

Mens Rea indicates the mental state or intention of the defendent at the time of commiting the crime.

Question 11

What are the two elements necessary for an action to be considered a crime?

Answer 11

Actus Rea and Mens Rea

Both elements must be present: the action must be forbidden by law, and it must be done with bad intentions

Question 12

True or False: A defendent’s actions can be considered a crime without Mens Rea

Answer 12

False

Both Actus Rea and Mens Rea must be present for an action to be classified as a crime.

Question 13

Fill in the blank: For a court to consider a defendant’s actions to be a crime, the action must normally have two elements: ________ and Mens Rea.

Answer 13

Actus Rea

These elements are crucial in establishing the legality of an action.

Question 14

What is Strict Liability?

Answer 14

The wrongful act on its own is enough to convict someone

Strict liability does not require proof or intention or negligence.

Question 15

Give an example of strict liability in a workplace setting.

Answer 15

A factory owner who is negligent and fails to safeguard dangerous machinery is liable for the injuries to workers

This demonstrates how strict liability can apply in occupational health and safety.

Question 16

What type of laws operate on a strict liability basis?

Answer 16

Health and safety laws

These laws hold individuals or entities responsible for violations regardless of intent.

Question 17

What are regulatory offences?

Answer 17

Offences aimed at regulating how businesses behave

These offences often fall under strict liability.

Question 18

Name two examples of crimes that can fall under strict liability.

Answer 18

• Speeding
• Watching TV without a license

These examples illustrate strict liability in everyday legal scenarios.

Question 19

What are summary offences?

Answer 19

Less serious offences e.g. speeding. Tried by a magistrates court

The maximum sentence that can be given in a magistrates court is 12 months

Question 20

What are indictable offences?

Answer 20

More serious offences, e.g. rape/murder. Tried in a crown court with a judge and a jury. sentences are more severe.

Question 21

What offences include violence against the person?

Answer 21

E.g. murder, manslaughter, assault

Question 22

Give examples of sexual offences

Answer 22

E.g. rape, sex trafficking, grooming

Question 23

Give examples of offences against property

Answer 23

E.g. burglary, theft, robbery

Question 24

Give examples of fraud and forgery

Answer 24

E.g. frauds by company directors, benefit cheating, tax evasion

Question 25

Give examples of offences that involve criminal damage

Answer 25

E.g. arson, vandalsim, graffiti

Question 26

Give examples of offences that involve drugs.

Answer 26

E.g. supplying, trafficking, or possesion of illegal substances.

Question 27

Give examples of public order offences.

Answer 27

E.g. rioting and violent disorder.

Question 28

What is a formal sanction?

Answer 28

Punishments for breaking formal written rules or laws. Imposed by official bodies e.g. courts, schools, etc.

Question 29

What is an informal sanction?

Answer 29

Disapproval shown to a person for breaking unwritten rules, such as telling off or ignoring them.

Question 30

What is a positive sanction

Answer 30

Rewards for behaviour society approves of e.g. praise or medal.

Question 31

What is social control?

Answer 31

Ways in which society seeks to control our behaviour and ensure we conform to its norms.

Question 32

What is actus reus?

Answer 32

Latin for ‘guilty act’.

Question 33

What is mens rea?

Answer 33

Latin for ‘guilty mind’.

Question 34

What are fines?

Answer 34

Financial penalties dependent on the seriousness of the offence and ability to pay.

Question 35

What is a conditional discharge?

Answer 35

An offender may avoid prison if they commit no offences in a given time period.

Question 36

What is an absolute discharge?

Answer 36

Defendant is guilty but court decides punishment is not appropriate.

Question 37

What is VISOR?

Answer 37

Violent and Sex Offenders Register.