UNIT #2

Question 1

How do we define media?

Answer 1

Can get different measures because not everyone agrees on what media is.

Question 2

How do we measure media use?

Answer 2

• Daily tracking

- Monitoring system

Question 3

What are the media preferences of infants? (0-3)

Answer 3

• Bright colors
• Striking perceptual features
• Educational content
• Cartoons

Question 4

What are the media preferences of Children? (3-12)

Answer 4

• More complex content
• Comedy
• Gender stereotypes content

Question 5

What are the media preferences of Adolescence? (12-18)

Answer 5

• Speed and variety
• Social media
• Reality and realistic content

Question 6

Why might the impact of media and media contents differ across developmental stages?

Answer 6

• Differences in media use

- Preferences across gender, across ethnicity.

Question 7

What do we know about “Video Deficit” and babies?

Answer 7

-Until 2.5-3 years, infants are less likely to learn from a screen than from a screen than from a live interaction.

Question 8

What stops babies from learning through scenes?

Answer 8

-Symbolic representation.

Question 9

What is symbolic representation?

Answer 9

An idea inside an idea.

Question 10

Can babies understand symbolic representation?

Answer 10

Nope

Question 11

How do we make it easier for infants/toddlers to learn through screen media?

Answer 11

• Use video chat
• Have an adult watching and engaging with them
• Use socially meaningful characters and cues

Question 12

How do we understand perceptual processing?

Answer 12

It is how things look or sound. Younger children tend to focus on perceptually salient features.

Question 13

How do we understand Conceptual Processing?

Answer 13

There can be an underlying thing ex a nice looking person can be mean

Question 14

What do we know about reality vs fantasy in children?

Answer 14

Children struggle to understand the relationship between media and reality. ex- the fake popcorn on the tv. What would happen to the popcorn on the TV if it flipped upside down.
Children will gradually come to grasp the distinctions of media vs reality.

Question 15

How do young children understand the message in the media?

Answer 15

Young children fixate on action instead of underlying motives or overreaching messages.

Question 16

When does inference develop?

Answer 16

-Inference appears to develop later (6-8+)

As we get older we can infer a deeper message.

Question 17

What is an imaginary audience?

Answer 17

The belief that others are paying attention to you.

Question 18

What is a personal fable?

Answer 18

The belief that you and your experiences are unique.

Question 19

what percentage of 9-18-year-olds have pretended to be someone else on the internet?

Answer 19

50%

Question 20

Adolescence focus on peers why?

Answer 20

They have a desire to conform to the norms of our peer groups. In which they may use social media to find norms and conform.

Question 21

What is risk-taking linked to?

Answer 21

Brain development in adolescence.
-Prefrontal cortex (Impulse control and controlling your own behaviors)
^^ We see many changes during adolescence
-Dopamine shifts (changes during adolescence) make you quite driven by rewards during this time period.

Question 22

What leads to risky behavior?

Answer 22

Lack of control and driven by rewards.

Question 23

What are some risky behaviors that people partake in?

Answer 23

• Increased interest in “Risky” media content such as horror movies, extreme sports.
• Increased risky media use such as sexting.

Question 24

What do we know about sexuality changes and the media we view?

Answer 24

• Puberty
• Increased sexual arousal
• Development of bodies, boobs, pubes.
• increased interest in sexual content
• use media to develop and understand our sexuality.

Question 25

What are the Media Effect Theories?

Answer 25

• Hypodermic needle theory OR Magic bullet theory –> Direct relationships between media consumption and behavior.
• Cultivation Theory –> Argues that media gradually leads us to certain views in the audience over time.
• Social Learning/Social Cognitive Theory –> Learning our own behavior from observing the behavior of others.

Question 26

What factors might influence how we are impacted by media?

Answer 26

Content, amount of time, Engagement levels, how related it is to my life, Personal self-esteem, personality traits, age, economic status, the structure of the media short or long, etc.

Question 27

What is the main belief of the hypodermic needle theory?

Answer 27

That everyone is affected by media in the same way.

ex. the media spins shooting directly to your brain.

Question 28

What does the Cultivation Theory argue?

Answer 28

That there will be differences in the impacts od media based on the amount of use.
-There are different impacts based on resonance.

Question 29

What is Resonance?

Answer 29

The similarity between media and individuals circumstances.

Question 30

What is the famous study for social learning?

Answer 30

Bandaranaike bobo doll study. Where adults would be violent with a doll and see if the children mimic the aggressive behavior.

Question 31

What is the uses and gratifications theory?

Answer 31

-The belief that people visit media for a certain reason and that why we do matters and determines how we are affected by it.
Ex. If we are watching TV as an escape it could affect our body image but if watching for entertainment body image won’t be affected.

Question 32

What are some reasons we seek out media?

Answer 32

• Companionship
• Escape
• Habit
• Learning
• Passing time
• Relaxation
• Arousal/Sensation Seeking

Question 33

what is self-determination theory?

Answer 33

Self-determination theory is a macro theory of human motivation and personality that concerns people’s inherent growth tendencies and innate psychological needs. It is concerned with the motivation behind choices people make without external influence and interference.