Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a habitat

A

Where an organism lives

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2
Q

What is a population

A

Total number of one type of organism in an ecosystem

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3
Q

What is a community

A

All the living things in an ecosystem

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4
Q

What is an ecosystem

A

Interaction between living and non-living parts of ecosystem(habitats and communities)

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5
Q

What is biodiversity

A

The range of species which exists within am ecosystem

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6
Q

What is a species

A

A group of organisms that are so similar to one another genetically that they are able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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7
Q

What is an abiotic factor

A

Abiotic factors are non living or physical factors that affect organisms e.g. light intensity, pH, temperature

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8
Q

What is a biotic factor

A

Biotic factors are related to living things e.g. competition for food space or light etc.

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9
Q

What is predation

A

Predation is the eating of one organism by another

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10
Q

What is a niche

A

A niche is a role that an organism plays within a community . It relates to the resources it requires in its ecosystem,such as light and nutrient availability

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11
Q

What is a producer

A

Green plants able to make their own food by photosynthesis

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12
Q

What is a consumer

A

An animal which get their energy by feeding on plants or animals

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13
Q

What is a herbivore

A

Animal which only feeds on plants

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14
Q

What is carnivore

A

Animal that only eats meat

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15
Q

What is an omnivore

A

Animal which feeds on both plants and animals

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16
Q

What is a prey

A

The animal eaten by the predator

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17
Q

What is decomposer

A

Bacteria and fungi, which breakdown organic matter

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18
Q

What is a food chain

A

A relationship where one organism feeds on the previous one in a series and in turn provides food for the next one

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19
Q

What is a food web

A

Several inter-connecting food chains

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20
Q

When does competition in an ecosystem occur

A

When resources are in short supply

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21
Q

What is interspecific competition

A

It occurs amongst most individuals of different species for one or a few of the resources they require

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22
Q

What is intraspecific competition

A

It occurs amongst individuals of the same species and is for all resources they require, it is more intense that interspecific competition

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23
Q

What is an adaption

A

When organisms, which occupy different niches, have special features that allow them to survive in their habitats

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24
Q

Name 2 examples of sampling techniques

A

Pitfall trap and quadrat

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25
What is a pitfall trap used for
A pitfall trap is used to sample organism that move around in the leaf litter
26
What is a quadrat used for
A quadrat is used to sample plants and animals that do not move around much
27
What is used to measure light intensity
A light meter
28
What is used to measure soil moisture
A moisture meter
29
What is an indicator species
Indicator species are species that by their presence or absence indicate the environmental quality/level of pollution
30
Name 2 biological keys
A paired statement key and a branched key
31
What is the name of the pores in leaves
Stomata
32
What are the 2 stages of photosynthesis
Light reactions and carbon fixation
33
Where is the sight of photosynthesis
The chloroplast
34
Explain stage 1 of photosynthesis (light dependent stage)
Light energy from the sun is absorbed by chlorophyll in chloroplast and used to: convert light energy into chemical energy, generate ATP, split water (Called photosythilis)
35
Why is water split in photosynthesis
To release oxygen gas that diffuses from the cell as a by-product, also to release hydrogen
36
Explain stage 2 of photosynthesis (carbon fixation )
Carbon fixation is a series of enzyme controlled reactions, which use hydrogen and ATP, produced by the light reactions with carbon dioxide to produce a sugar, called glucose
37
What is the word equation did photosynthesis
Light energy | Carbon dioxide + water ————> glucose + oxygen Chlorophyll
38
What are limiting factors
These are factors which if in short supply restrict the rate of photosynthesis and plant growth
39
Name 3 limiting factors
Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature
40
Arrows in a food chain show what?
The direction of energy flow
41
Name 3 producers
Daisies, grass, dandelions
42
What does a food chain always start with
A plant
43
What is a primary consumer
First consumer in a food chain
44
What is a secondary consumer
The second Consumer in a food chain
45
What is a tertiary consumer
The third consumer in a food chain
46
What is the majority of energy lost as in energy transfer
Heat
47
Only a very small quantity Of what is used for growth in energy transfer
Energy
48
What is a pyramid of numbers
A diagram that represents the number of organisms at each stage in a food chain
49
What is a pyramid of energy
A diagram that shows the available energy stored in the biomass of organisms at each stage of a food chain
50
Name 3 developments in agriculture
Increased use of pesticide to kill predators, which attack crops. Increased use of herbacide to kill weeds, which compete with crops for resource. Developing genetically modified crops
51
What is a control experiment
Can be compared to the experiment to prove that the one variable being changed has caused the result
52
What happens to nitrated dissolved in soil water
They are absorbed into plants
53
Describe the algal bloom process
Fertilisers dissolve in rainwater and leech from the soul into the freshwater, adding unwanted nitrate, the extra nitrate increases populations which creates algal bloom, algae blooms reduce light levels killing aquatic plants, dead plants become food for bacteria , the bacteria use up large quantities of oxygen for other organisms . As a result many animals die (biodiversity decreases)
54
What is herbicide used to kill
Weeds
55
Name 3 bad effects of pesticides
Kills other species, as the toxic molecules pass along the food chain the concentration increases, pesticides toxicity increases and can reach lethal levels
56
What is biological control
Uses pests’ natural enemies against them
57
What is a mutation
A mutation is a random change to the DNA that occurs rarely
58
What is a mutagenic agent
Something that increases the rate of mutation
59
What is a isolating barrier
An isolation barrier splits a population, it can be geographical, ecological or reproductive
60
What is speciation
The formation of a new species
61
How do you improve results when using a light meter
Don’t cast a shadow
62
How to improve results when using a moisture meter
Always dry the probe