UNIT 2 Flashcards
Skill Acquisition Procedures: Differential Reinforcement, DTT, & IT
Differential Reinforcement
Process that consists of reinforcement and extinction that may result in either differentiation or discrimination
Two Operations of Differential Reinforcement
1) Reinforcement 2) Extinction
Differentiation HINT: diffeRenTion=Response Topography
Results when differential reinforcement consists of reinforcing one response while placing a second response on extinction HOW TO RESPOND!
Discrimination HINT: diSCrimination = preSCence
Results when differential reinforcement consists of reinforcing a response when a certain stimuli is present and not reinforcing the same response when those stimuli are not present WHEN TO RESPOND!
Simultaneous Discrimination Training
Both the Sd and the S-delta stimulus conditions are presented to the learner at the same time.
Successive Discrimination Training
Only one antecedent (Sd or S-delta) is presented to the learner in a given trial.
Discrimination Training
Reinforce a response in the presence of a stimulus, but not in the absence of that stimulus
Stimulus Control
A situation in which the frequency, latency, duration, or amplitude of a behavior is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus.
What does Discrimination Training Results in?
Stimulus control
Model
An antecedent stimulus that evokes the imitative behavior
Planned models
Prearranged antecedent stimuli that facilitate new skills
Unplanned models
All antecedent stimuli with the capacity to evoke imitation
Imitation Training
Teaching the learner to imitate or do exactly what the person providing the model is doing.
What are the 3 types of Imitation?
1) Fine motor 2) Gross motor 3) Object imitation
High Probability request sequence
An antecedent manipulation in which 2-5 easy/known tasks are presented in quick succession immediately prior to a difficult/high effort task or response that is relatively infrequent.
Listener Responding
Following directions or complying with request of others
Feature
The parts of items and description of items
Function
The actions that typically go with the items or what one does with the items and classes
Class
The group(s) the items belong
Errorless teaching
Procedure in which the prompt is provided right away
Differential outcomes procedure
Different reinforcers are provided in a discrimination task each of which is correlated with a given stimulus
What can differential outcomes be effective in?
Difficult Discrimination Tasks
Discrete Trial Teaching HINT: ABC
Antecedents are presented Teacher waits for the learner to respond Learner responds Teacher provides consequence contingent on the learners response
What are the components of a Discrete trial?
1) An antecedent stimulus that sets the occasion for the learners response 2) A response by the learner 3) A teacher provided consequence for the learners response
Task Interspersal
Programming mastered items or tasks in between acquisition trials during discrete trial instruction
Incidental Teaching
One or more cues occur or motivating operations are captured in a naturally-occurring situation. Naturally-occurring consequences are delivered contingent on the learners response.
Capturing
Taking advantage of a teaching situation that arises without warning in the natural setting. (unplanned)
Contriving
Setting up prearranged teaching opportunity (planned)
What does DTT often result in?
Rapid rate of acquisition
What does IT/NET often result in?
Stimulus generalization and induction
