unit 2

Question 1

classical conditioning

Answer 1

US- elicits fear with no learning
CS- elicits fear only after pairing with a US
CR- fear response to CS

Question 2

skin conductance response (CSR)

Answer 2

primary measure in polygraph- sympathetic actication= how sweaty skin is as measure of fear

Question 3

startle response

Answer 3

idea= if you are already afraid you will startle with a larger magnitude
-startle is measured by eye blink response (obicularis oculi muscle movement)

Question 4

FC in rodents

Answer 4

measure of time animal spends during the tone freezing

-shock and tone need to coterminate (shock comes few seconds before end of tone (30 sec tone total))

Question 5

context conditioning

Answer 5

contextual conditioning leads to fear of the context- no fear in new context (unless context generalization occurs)

Question 6

cued and context conditioning

Answer 6

context conditioning will occur no matter what… cued= tone played in context A with shock, then in new context, play tone and see fear expressed

Question 7

cued FC

Answer 7

association of tone with shock (US)

-convergence of these senses (feet pain and auditory sound) occurs in amygdala- lateral amygdala!

Question 8

lateral amygdala

Answer 8

in basal lateral (input) site… auditory thalamus and somatosensory thalamus converge on LA… also has input from somatosensory and auditory cortices- strong/ long term memory
-LA projects to central grey (PAG) which projects to CG, CH, PVN

Question 9

thalamus

Answer 9

brain relay center
medial geniculate nucleus= auditory info
ventral posterior nucleus= sensory info

Question 10

paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT)

Answer 10

(NOT PVN of hypothalamus)- medial dorsal thalamus- prelimbic area of mPFC (aCg, PL, IL)
-inactivating PVT disrupted memory only at late time points

Question 11

C-Fos

Answer 11

immediate early gene (IEG) that gets expressed in response to neural activity; used as general proxy to see what brain regions were recently active; use antibodies to C-Fos connected to fluorescent markers to visualize the expression after behavior test

Question 12

take homes fro Do-Monte et al.

Answer 12

there is shift in what brain circuits drive memory based behavior over time
BLA= important right after initial memory formation, but then the PVT mediates long-term memory
PL may mediate this switch