Unit 2 Flashcards
ionisation energy
energy required to remove electrons one by one from an atom
what do peaks and troughs show you on an ionisation energy bar chart
sub-shells
what are the orbitals
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p 3d
4s 4p 4d 4f
what shape is an s orbital
circular
holds 2 electrons
what shape is a p orbital
infinity sign
holds 6 electrons
what is an acid
proton donor
what is pH
a measure of H+ ions
what is a base
proton acceptor
what is an alkali
soluble base that releases OH-
what is a salt
formed when an acid has one or more of its hydrogen ions replaced by either a metal ion or ammonium ion
rules of redox reactions (5)
oxidation number for groups 1,2,3 is 1+ 2+ 3+ fluorine -1 hydrogen +1 oxygen -2 chlorine -1
rules for oxidation numbers (3)
elements in natural state =0
atoms of molecule=0
components of ion add up to the charge=0
best group 1 reducing agent
Fr
best group 7 oxidising agent
F
what is a disproportionation reaction
element is oxidised and reduced in a redox reaction
