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AP Computer Science Principles > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a byte?

A

A unit of data that is 8 bits long. It is considered a standard “chunk size” for binary information in most modern computers.

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2
Q

What is a kilobyte?

A

A unit of data made up of 1024 bytes

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3
Q

What is a megabyte?

A

A unit of data made up of 1024 kilobytes

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4
Q

What is a gigabyte?

A

A unit of data made up of 1024 megabytes

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5
Q

What is a terabyte?

A

A unit of data made up of 1024 gigabytes

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6
Q

What is a petabyte?

A

A unit of data made up of 1024 terabytes

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7
Q

What is an exabyte?

A

A unit of data made up of 1024 petabytes

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8
Q

What is a zetabyte?

A

A unit of data made up of 1024 exabytes

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9
Q

What is the SI Prefix Value Table?

A

Exa-E-10^18

Peta-P-10^15

Tera-T-10^12

Giga-G-10^9

Mega-M-10^6

kilo-k-10^3

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10
Q

How much bigger is a megabyte than a kilobyte?

A

1000 times bigger

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11
Q

What is heuristic?

A

A problem-solving approach (algorithm) to find a satisfactory solution where finding an optimal or exact solution is impractical or impossible.

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12
Q

Which one is heuristic?

Piecewise vs. holistic

A

Holistic

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13
Q

Which one is heuristic?

Inductive vs. deductive

A

Deductive

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14
Q

What is a pixel?

A

A picture element, of a fundamental of a digital image. It is typically a tiny square or dot which contains a single point of color of a larger image

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15
Q

What is a Image?

A

A type of data used for graphics or pictures

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16
Q

What is metadata?

A

Data that describes other data

Size of the image, number of colors, resolution

17
Q

What is RGB?

A

This model uses varying intensities of Red, Green, Blue light that are added in together to create a broad array of colors

18
Q

36 bit color can represent ____________ times the total number of colors that 24 bits can represent

A

2^12

19
Q

What shows the hex value for Red as a 12 bit representation?

A

F00

20
Q

What is Lossless Compression?

A

A data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data

21
Q

What is Lossy Compression?

A

Compression scheme in which “useless” or less than totally necessary information is thrown out in order to reduce the size of the data (eliminated data is unrecoverable)

22
Q

What types of files are lossy?

A

MP3, JPG, JPEG

23
Q

What types of files are lossless?

A

BMP, GIF, WAV, PNG, ZIP

24
Q

What is true about data compression?

A

There are trade-offs involved in choosing a compression technique for storing and transmitting data

25
Q

What best describes the result of using 64 bit integers instead of 32 bit integers?

A

2^32 times as many values can be represented

26
Q

What is the Hexadecimal Number System?

A

A numbering system that consists of 16 distinct symbols, 0-9 and A-F, which can occur in each place value

27
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A proposed explanation for some phenomenon used as the basis for further investigation

28
Q

What us README?

A

A document providing background information about a data set

29
Q

What is CSV?

A

(Comma Separated Values), widely used file format for storing data

30
Q

What is Raw Data?

A

Original data as it was collected

31
Q

What is a summary table?

A

Table of aggregate information about a data set. Used to summarize lots of data into a form that is more useful and easier to see

32
Q

What is a pivot table?

A

Tool used by most spreadsheet programs to create a summary table

33
Q

What is aggregation?

A

A computation in which rows from a data set are grouped together and used to compute a single value of more significant meaning or measurement. Common aggregations include sum, average, max, median, or count

34
Q

Search trends are imperfect predictors of the future and may not fully represent society at large, true or false?

A

True, they may not fully represent society at large

35
Q

Search trends are accurate and reliable predictors of future events, but do not fully represent society at large, true or false?

A

Depends

36
Q

What is least likely to impact a programmer’s choice when designing a structure of a system?

A

Either the frequency of a particular item occurring in a data set, or the accuracy of the data after being stored

37
Q

Rate from most important to least important for what a programmer needs when designing the structure of the system?

A
  1. Maintaining Privacy
  2. Structure of the metadata for analysis
  3. Scalability of the system
  4. Frequency of a particular data value
  5. Accuracy of the data after being stored

AP Computer Science Principles (4 decks)

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