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Chemistry > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is scientific notation?

A

A way of expressing really big or small numbers

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2
Q

What are the parts of scientific notation?

A
  1. A number between 1 and 10
    Multiplied by
  2. A power of 10 (10^x)
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3
Q

Define accuracy

A

You end up with the intended value

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4
Q

Define precision

A

Consistency

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5
Q

How do you determine dig figs when adding or subtracting?

A

Place value/decimal places

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6
Q

How do you determine dig figs after multiplying or dividing?

A

Fewest total sig figs

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7
Q

What is temperature?

A

The measure of the kinetic energy of the atoms/molecules in an object

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8
Q

What tools do we use to measure temperature?

A

Bulb thermometer
Digital thermometer
Turkey popper
Galileo thermometer

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9
Q

What is the unit of measurement for temperature?

A

Degrees or kelvins

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10
Q

Kelvin symbol and water freezing and boiling points

A

K
273 K
373 K

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11
Q

Celsius symbol and water freezing and boiling points

A

°C
0°C
100°C

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12
Q

Fahrenheit symbol and water freezing and boiling points

A

°F
32°F
212°F

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13
Q

Why is Kelvin important?

A

Kinetic energy is never negative, so Kelvin was created as an appropriate scale that gives a more accurate representation of what temperature really is.

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14
Q

What is energy?

A

The capacity to do work or to produce heat

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15
Q

What are the types of energy?

A

Potential
Kinetic
Radiant

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16
Q

What are the 3 units of measurement of energy?

A

Calorie
BTU
Joule

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17
Q

Define calorie

A

The amount of heat needed to raise 1 gram of water 1° Centigrade

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18
Q

Define BTU

A

British Thermal Unit

Heat needed to raise 1 lb of water 1°F

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19
Q

Define joule

A

SI standard unit for energy

Force of one Newton acting through one meter

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20
Q

What is a watt?

A

Power of a joule of energy per second

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21
Q

Calories in a BTU

A

252

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22
Q

Joules in a calorie

A

4.184

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23
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

Energy is neither created nor destroyed

24
Q

What are the 3 different water sterilization methods?

A

Plasma/uv
Chlorine
Ozone

25
Q

Pros and cons of plasma/uv sterilization

A

Fast, no bad taste or smell, easy maintenance, low cost to run

No staying power, expensive equipment

26
Q

Pros and cons of chlorine sterilization

A

Cheap, staying power

After taste and smell

27
Q

Pros and cons of ozone sterilization

A

No bad taste or smell

No staying power

28
Q

What is matter?

A

Everything that has mass and volume

29
Q

What are the states of matter?

A 
Solids
Liquids
Gases
Plasma
Bose Einstein condensate
30
Q

Solids have:

A

Definite shape and volume

Close together molecules and very little movement

31
Q

Liquids have:

A

Indefinite shape and definite volume

Molecules that have more space between them than a solid does but less than a gas

32
Q

Gases have:

A

Indefinite shape and volume

Molecules that move in random patterns with varying amounts of distance between the particles

33
Q

What is the most common form of matter?

A

Plasma

34
Q

Plasma in the _____ and in space makes up over ____% of the visible universe

A

Stars

99

35
Q

How does plasma based UV water sterilization kill bacteria?

A

It disables the DNA of microorganisms in the water. This only takes about 12 seconds

36
Q

Plasma based uv water treatment systems use about _____ times less energy than boiling water

A

20,000

37
Q

Changing states requires:

A

Energy in the form of heat

38
Q

What is a physical change?

A

When a substance changes state but doesn’t change its chemical composition. The appearance has changed but the properties have not.

39
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

When a substance changes into a new substance through a chemical reaction. Properties, like density and boiling and melting points, change

40
Q

What are common signs of a chemical change?

A

Bubbles forming, change in mass

41
Q

What is a physical property?

A

Properties that can be observed or measured. We can determine them without changing the identity of the substance

42
Q

What are chemical properties?

A

The way a substance can change or react to form other substances

43
Q

What is the law of conservation of matter?

A

Matter cannot be created nor destroyed. It is just converted from one form to another.

44
Q

What are intensive properties?

A

Properties that don’t depend on the size of the sample of the matter, like density, color, and boiling point.

45
Q

What are extensive properties?

A

Properties that depend on the quantity of the sample, like mass and volume.

46
Q

What are the 3 types of substances?

A

Element
Compound
Mixture (not a pure substance)

47
Q

Characteristics of pure substances:

A

Fixed composition
Cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical methods
Can only change properties by chemical methods
Properties do not vary

48
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

Compounds: can be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical changes, always in a definite ratio

Or

Elements: cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical changes, basic building block of matter

49
Q

What is a substance?

A

A substance cannot be further broken down/purified by physical means. Has its own unique properties.

50
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Two or more substances that are not chemically combined. Don’t have constant boiling and melting points.

51
Q

Characteristics of mixture:

A

Variable composition
Components retain their properties
May be separated into pure substances by physical methods

52
Q

What are homogeneous mixtures?

A

Look the same throughout but can be separated by physical means. Components are indistinguishable.

53
Q

What are heterogeneous mixtures?

A

Composed of relatively large pieces that can be seen and easily separated

54
Q

What are solutions?

A

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures when something is completely dissolved in something else

55
Q

What are colloids?

A

Colloids are solutions in which one substance is trapped inside another substance. Can be identified by how they scatter light, like fog.

Chemistry (9 decks)

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