6.1 And 6.2 Flashcards
Valence Electrons
Electrons in the highest occupied energy level in an atom
Electrons dot structures
Diagrams with valence electrons shown as dots
Where do dots go on a dot structure?
pz
py X s
px
The Octet Rule
Atoms tend to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas when they form compounds.
Noble gas valence electrons
8
s^2 p^6
Metals ____ valence electrons, leaving a complete octet in the next ______ energy level.
Lose
Lowest
Ionization
Loss of electron
Nonmetals ____ electrons or _____ electrons with other nonmetals to get a complete octet
Gain
Share
Dot structures for cations have:
No dots
What is a pseudo noble gas configuration?
Have a full d sublevel
Elements that have pseudo noble gas configurations
Silver (Ag +)
Gold (Au +)
Cadmium (Cd 2+)
Copper (Cu +)
Dot structures of anions have:
8 dots
Ionic Compounds
Compounds composed of cations and anions
What holds ions together in an ionic compound?
Ionic bonds
Ionic bonds
Electrostatic forces that hold ions together in ionic compounds
Chemical formula and formula unit are:
The same for ions
Properties of ionic compounds
Most ionic compounds are crystalline solids at room temp.
Ionic compounds have high melting points.
Rigid crystalline ionic compounds
Held together in 3D array by strong attractive forces with little repulsion of ions
To keep like charges away from each other
Brittle crystalline compounds
Specifically arranged. If arrangement disturbed, charge repulsions between ions would make crystal fragment.
To keep like charges away from each other
Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when ______ or _________
Melted
Dissolved in water
When voltage is applied to an ionic compounds that has been melted or dissolved in water…
Cations move to one electrode, anions to the other
