Unit 2

Question 1

Republic

Answer 1

Government in which people choose their leader

Question 2

Dictatorship

Answer 2

Form of government in which the leader rules mainly by force.

Question 3

Authoritative

Government

Answer 3

Political scientists use the term authoritarianism to describe a way of governing that values order and control over personal freedom. A government run by authoritarianism is usually headed by a dictator.

Question 4

Representative

Answer 4

Form of government in which voters chose leaders who make and enforce laws

Question 5

Monarchy

Answer 5

A monarchy is a form of government in which sovereignty is actually or nominally embodied in one or several individual(s) reigning until death or abdication. They are called the monarchs.

Question 6

Liberties

Answer 6

the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one’s way of life, behavior, or political views.

Question 7

Economy

Answer 7

An economy or economic system consists of the production, distribution or trade, and consumption of limited goods and services by different agents in a given geographical location. The economic agents can be individuals, businesses, organizations, or governments.

Question 8

Economic system

Answer 8

An economic system is a system of production and exchange of goods and services as well as allocation of resources in a society.

Question 9

Market economy (free enterprise)

Answer 9

A market economy is an economy in which decisions regarding investment, production, and distribution are based on supply and demand, and prices of goods and services are determined in a free price system.

Question 10

Command economy

Answer 10

The command economy is a key feature of any communist society. China, Cuba, North Korea and the former Soviet Union are examples of countries that have command economies.

Question 11

Traditional economy

Answer 11

A traditional economy is an original economic system in which traditions, customs, and beliefs shape the goods and the services the economy produces, as well as the rules and manner of their distribution. Countries that use this type of economic system are often rural and farm-based.

Question 12

Developing countries

Answer 12

A developing country, also called a less developed country or underdeveloped country, is a nation with an underdeveloped industrial base, and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.

Question 13

Developed countries

Answer 13

A developed country, industrialized country, or “more economically developed country” (MEDC), is a sovereign state that has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations.

Question 14

Inter dependence

Answer 14

Interdependence is mutual dependence between things. If you study biology, you’ll discover that there is a great deal of interdependence between plants and animals. Inter- means “between,” so interdependence is dependence between things.

Question 15

Specialization

Answer 15

DEFINITION of ‘Specialization’ A method of production where a business or area focuses on the production of a limited scope of products or services in order to gain greater degrees of productive efficiency within the entire system of businesses or areas.

Question 16

Standard of living

Answer 16

the degree of wealth and material comfort available to a person or community.

Question 17

Export and import

Answer 17

The term export means shipping the goods and services out of the port of a country. The seller of such goods and services is referred to as an “exporter” and is based in the country of export whereas the overseas based buyer is referred to as an “importer”

Question 18

Production / consumption

Answer 18

“[Sustainable production and consumption is] the use of goods and services that respond to basic needs and bring a better qualify of life, while minimizing the use of natural resources, toxic materials and emissions of waste and pollutants over the life cycle, so as not to jeopardize the needs of future generations.”

Question 19

Industry

Answer 19

1.

economic activity concerned with the processing of raw materials and manufacture of goods in factories.

Question 20

Agriculture

Answer 20

the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.
synonyms:

Question 21

Free trade

Answer 21

Free trade is a policy followed by some international markets in which countries’ governments do not restrict imports from, or exports to, other countries. Free trade is exemplified by the European Economic Area and the North American Free Trade Agreement, which have established open markets.

Question 22

Citezenship

Answer 22

Citizenship is the status of a person recognized under the custom or law as being a member of a state. A person may have multiple citizenships and a person who does not have citizenship of any state is said to be stateless.