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Nat 5 Biology > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are tissues

A

A group of similar cells that work together for a particular function

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2
Q

What are organs

A

A structure made of a group of tissues working together to perfoerm a function

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3
Q

Name 3 facts about stem cells

A

They are in specialized cells in animals
They can divide and become specialized cells by variation
Stem cells are needed for growth and repair

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4
Q

Name the 10 places you can find stem cells

A

Brain, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, peripheral blood, bone marrow, teeth, skin, heart, liver, gut

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5
Q

What are meristems

A

Sites of cell division in plants

Eg root and shoot tips

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6
Q

What can unspecified meristems do

A

Grow into specialized plant cells eg xylem

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7
Q

Name the three parts of the central nervous system

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Nerve cells

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8
Q

Name the three parts of the brain

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla

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9
Q

State the function of the cerebrum

A

Controls memory, personality and conscious thought

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10
Q

State the function of cerebellum

A

Controls balance and coordination

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11
Q

State the function of the medulla

A

Controls heart rate and breathing rate

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12
Q

What’s is a reflex arc

A

The sequence of neurons a nervous impulse passes through to cause a reflex action

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13
Q

What is the order of neurons In a reflex arc?

A

Sensory, relay, motor

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14
Q

What is a reflex action

A

A rapid automatic response to a stimulus

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15
Q

What’s the sequence in reflex action

A

Sense receptor, sensory neuron, relay neuron, motor neuron, effector(muscle)

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16
Q

What is a synapse and what happens

A

A gap between two neurons

Signals are passed across this junction by chemical messengers called neortansmitters

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17
Q

How do signals travel along nerves

A

By electrical impulses

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18
Q

Name three facts about hormones

A

Chemical messengers
Made by endocrine glands
Transported around the body by the blood

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19
Q

Which 6 places in e body do you find endocrine glands

A

Testis, ovary, pancreas, adrenal, thyroid, pituitary

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20
Q

Why is glucose needed

A

To make ATP

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21
Q

What controls levels of glucose in the blood

A

Hormones insulin and glucagon

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22
Q

When is glucagon produced

A

When glucose is gone

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23
Q

When controlling glucose levels in high blood pressure, what are the 4 stages

A

Too much glucose in blood
pancreas produces more insulin
Increase glucose uptake by cells and glycogen formation
Blood glucose levels decrease

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24
Q

When controlling glucose levels in low blood pressure, what are the 4 stages

A

Too little glucose in blood
Pancreas,produces more glucagon
Breakdown of glycogen in liver
Blood glucose levels increase

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25
What are all sex cells known as
Gametes
26
Name 4 facts about sperm
Small Has tail to swim Many produced Contains nucleus
27
Name 4 facts about female eggs
Large Less produced Contains nucleus Contains food source
28
When does sexual reproduction occur
When generic information from two sexes are combined
29
When does fertilization occur
When the nucleus of a male gamete fuses with nucleus of female gamete
30
What is the cell produced when a male and female gamete fuse called
Zygote
31
Name the 5 parts of femal reproductive organs
Ovary, cervix, vagina, uterus, oviduct
32
Explain function of the ovary
Produces eggs
33
Explain function of oviduct
Tube which links ovary to uterus, site of fertilization
34
Explain function of uterus
Holds baby until it's mature enough for birth
35
Explain function of vagina
Receives penis during sexual intercourse
36
Name the 4 parts of male reproductive organs
Testes, sperm duct, penis, scrotum
37
Function of testes
Produce hormones and sperm
38
Function of sperm duct
Fluid gets added to sperm
39
Function of penis
Erect during sexual intercourse to deliver semen into vagina effectively
40
Function of scrotum
Contains the testes and acts as climate control
41
Name the 7 parts of a flower
Petals, stigma, filament, anther, ovary, nectary, sepal
42
Explain pollination
The transfer of pollen from the anther of a flower to the stigma
43
What are specialized cells
Cells which each have a particular structure for a specific job
44
State 4 facts about insect pollinated plants
Bright color Smell Produces nectar Stricky stigma and pollen
45
Name 4 facts about wind pollinated plants
Dull No smell or nectar Stigma is like a net Pollen is light
46
Explain continuos variation
A wide range of values between two extremes eg height
47
Explain distinct variation
There are distinct groups with no values in between eg eye color
48
Define chromosomes
Large pieces of DNA
49
Define genes
Section of chromosomes which codes for a characteristic
50
Define allele
Different forms of a gene
51
Define dominant
Allen whose effect always shows in the phenotype
52
Define recessive gene
Allele whose effect is always hidden in the phenotype
53
Define homozygous
Alleles in genotype are the same eg BB or bb
54
Define heterozygous
Alleles in gemstones are different
55
Define phenotype
The appearance of an organism
56
Define genotype
The alleles an organism has for a particular characteristic
57
Define polygenic
A characteristic controlled by more than one pair of genes
58
Name three things the circulatory system is made up of
Heart Blood vessels Blood
59
Define allele
Different forms of a gene
60
Define dominant
Allele whose effect always shows in phenotype
61
Define recessive
Alleles whose effect is always hidden in phenotype
62
Define homozygous
Alleles in genotype are the same
63
Define heterozygous
Alleles in gentotype are different
64
Define phenotype
The appearance of an organism

Nat 5 Biology (2 decks)

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