unit 2

Question 0

Helium

Answer 0

He 2 electrons

Question 1

hydrogen

Answer 1

H 1 electron

Question 2

lithium

Answer 2

Li 3 electrons

Question 3

beryllium

Answer 3

Be 4 electrons

Question 4

Boron

Answer 4

B 5 electrons

Question 5

Carbon

Answer 5

6 electrons C

Question 6

nitrogen

Answer 6

N 7 electrons

Question 7

oxygen

Answer 7

O 8 electrons

Question 8

Fluorine

Answer 8

F 9 electrons

Question 9

Neon

Answer 9

Ne 10 electrons

Question 10

Sodium

Answer 10

Na 11 electrons

Question 11

Magnesium

Answer 11

Mg 12 electrons

Question 12

Aluminum

Answer 12

Al 13 electrons

Question 13

Silicon

Answer 13

Si 14 electrons

Question 14

Phosphorus

Answer 14

P 15 electrons

Question 15

Sulfur

Answer 15

S 16 electrons

Question 16

chlorine

Answer 16

Cl 17 electrons

Question 17

Argon

Answer 17

Ar 18 electrons

Question 18

what do bonds store and what is released when they are broken?

Answer 18

energy

Question 19

4 biological macromolecules?

Answer 19

proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, & carbohydrates

Question 20

building blocks of proteins?

Answer 20

Amino Acids

Question 21

5 Functions of proteins and examples

Answer 21

structure (ex: collagen, elastin, keratin),
transport (ex: hemoglobin), coordinates body activities (ex: insulin), immune system defense (ex: antibodies), speeds up chemical reactions (ex: enzymes)

Question 22

peptide bond

Answer 22

covalent bond between 2 amino acids

Question 23

atom

Answer 23

the small unit of matter that retains the properties of an element

Question 24

element

Answer 24

a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical means

Question 25

molecule

Answer 25

a group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Question 26

compound

Answer 26

a substance containing two or more elements in a fixed ratio. for example, table salt (NaCl) consists of one atom of the element sodium (Na) for every atom of chlorine

Question 27

atomic number

Answer 27

the number of protons in each atom of a particular element

Question 28

what elements make up carbohydrates?

Answer 28

Carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen

Question 29

building blocks of carbohydrates?

Answer 29

monosaccharides

Question 30

functions of carbohydrates? (and examples)

Answer 30

``` quick energy (ex: simple sugars like glucose and lactose) structure, cellulose, (ex: plant starch or glycogen) ```

Question 31

elements of proteins?

Answer 31

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Question 32

elements in nucleic acids?

Answer 32

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

Question 33

building blocks of nucleic acids?

Answer 33

nucleotides

Question 34

3 parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 34

5-Carbon sugar phosphate group nitrogenous base

Question 35

functions of nucleic acids

Answer 35

stores and transmits genetic information

Question 36

sugar in DNA

Answer 36

deoxyribose

Question 37

sugar in RNA

Answer 37

ribose

Question 38

elements in lipids?

Answer 38

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 39

building blocks of lipids?

Answer 39

1 glycerol & 3 fatty acids

Question 40

functions of lipids? (with examples)

Answer 40

long term energy storage (ex: fat) | cushions body organs (ex: oil)

Question 41

anion

Answer 41

an atom that has gained an electron

Question 42

cation

Answer 42

an atom that has lost an electron

Question 43

ionic bond

Answer 43

a chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 44

ion

Answer 44

an atom that has gained of lost one or more electrons, thus acquiring a charge

Question 45

covalent bond

Answer 45

an attraction between atoms that share one or more pairs of outer-she'll electrons; symbolized by a single line between atoms

Question 46

hydrogen bond

Answer 46

a type of weak chemical bond formed when the partially positive hydrogen atom participating in a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the partially negative atom participating in a polar covalent bond in another molecule (or in another part of the same macromolecule)

Question 47

polar molecule

Answer 47

a molecule with unequal distribution of charges

Question 48

electronegativity

Answer 48

an atoms attraction for shared electrons

Question 49

nonpolar covalent bonds

Answer 49

covalent bond where electrons are shared equally between the atoms

Question 50

waters polarity

Answer 50

slightly negative at the oxygen end and slightly positive at each of the hydrogen ends