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honors bio > unit 2 > Flashcards

unit 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Helium

A

He 2 electrons

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1
Q

hydrogen

A

H 1 electron

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2
Q

lithium

A

Li 3 electrons

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3
Q

beryllium

A

Be 4 electrons

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4
Q

Boron

A

B 5 electrons

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5
Q

Carbon

A

6 electrons C

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6
Q

nitrogen

A

N 7 electrons

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7
Q

oxygen

A

O 8 electrons

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8
Q

Fluorine

A

F 9 electrons

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9
Q

Neon

A

Ne 10 electrons

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10
Q

Sodium

A

Na 11 electrons

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11
Q

Magnesium

A

Mg 12 electrons

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12
Q

Aluminum

A

Al 13 electrons

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13
Q

Silicon

A

Si 14 electrons

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14
Q

Phosphorus

A

P 15 electrons

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15
Q

Sulfur

A

S 16 electrons

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16
Q

chlorine

A

Cl 17 electrons

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17
Q

Argon

A

Ar 18 electrons

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18
Q

what do bonds store and what is released when they are broken?

A

energy

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19
Q

4 biological macromolecules?

A

proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, & carbohydrates

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20
Q

building blocks of proteins?

A

Amino Acids

21
Q

5 Functions of proteins and examples

A

structure (ex: collagen, elastin, keratin),
transport (ex: hemoglobin), coordinates body activities (ex: insulin), immune system defense (ex: antibodies), speeds up chemical reactions (ex: enzymes)

22
Q

peptide bond

A

covalent bond between 2 amino acids

23
Q

atom

A

the small unit of matter that retains the properties of an element

24
Q

element

A

a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical means

25
Q

molecule

A

a group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

26
Q

compound

A

a substance containing two or more elements in a fixed ratio. for example, table salt (NaCl) consists of one atom of the element sodium (Na) for every atom of chlorine

27
Q

atomic number

A

the number of protons in each atom of a particular element

28
Q

what elements make up carbohydrates?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen

29
Q

building blocks of carbohydrates?

A

monosaccharides

30
Q

functions of carbohydrates? (and examples)

A 
quick energy (ex: simple sugars like glucose and lactose) 
structure, cellulose, (ex: plant starch or glycogen)
31
Q

elements of proteins?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

32
Q

elements in nucleic acids?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

33
Q

building blocks of nucleic acids?

A

nucleotides

34
Q

3 parts of a nucleotide?

A

5-Carbon sugar
phosphate group
nitrogenous base

35
Q

functions of nucleic acids

A

stores and transmits genetic information

36
Q

sugar in DNA

A

deoxyribose

37
Q

sugar in RNA

A

ribose

38
Q

elements in lipids?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

39
Q

building blocks of lipids?

A

1 glycerol & 3 fatty acids

40
Q

functions of lipids? (with examples)

A

long term energy storage (ex: fat)

cushions body organs (ex: oil)

41
Q

anion

A

an atom that has gained an electron

42
Q

cation

A

an atom that has lost an electron

43
Q

ionic bond

A

a chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions

44
Q

ion

A

an atom that has gained of lost one or more electrons, thus acquiring a charge

45
Q

covalent bond

A

an attraction between atoms that share one or more pairs of outer-she’ll electrons; symbolized by a single line between atoms

46
Q

hydrogen bond

A

a type of weak chemical bond formed when the partially positive hydrogen atom participating in a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the partially negative atom participating in a polar covalent bond in another molecule (or in another part of the same macromolecule)

47
Q

polar molecule

A

a molecule with unequal distribution of charges

48
Q

electronegativity

A

an atoms attraction for shared electrons

49
Q

nonpolar covalent bonds

A

covalent bond where electrons are shared equally between the atoms

50
Q

waters polarity

A

slightly negative at the oxygen end and slightly positive at each of the hydrogen ends

honors bio (3 decks)

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