chapter 3

Question 0

aldehyde

Answer 0

hydrogen single bonded to a carbon, carbon double bonded to an oxygen

Question 1

isomer

Answer 1

compounds with the same formula but different structures

Question 2

carboxyl

Answer 2

Carbon double bonded to oxygen and single bonded to a hydrogen and oxygen

Question 3

hydroxyl

Answer 3

OH

Question 4

ketone (carbonyl)

Answer 4

Carbon double bonded to oxygen

Question 5

amino acid

Answer 5

nitrogen single bonded to 2 hydrogens

Question 6

phosphate

Answer 6

phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms

Question 7

methyl group

Answer 7

carbon bonded to three hydrogens

Question 8

macromolecules

Answer 8

huge molecules like proteins

Question 9

polymer

Answer 9

chains made of smaller molecules

Question 10

monomers

Answer 10

building blocks of polymers

Question 11

dehydration reaction

Answer 11

monomers linking together to form polymers, removing a molecule of water. one monomer looses a hydroxyl group and one looses a hydrogen

Question 12

hydrolysis

Answer 12

cell break bonds between monomers by adding water. a hydroxyl joins one monomer and hydrogen joins the other

Question 13

enzymes

Answer 13

specialized d macromolecules that pews up chemical reactions in cells

Question 14

monosaccharides

Answer 14

carbohydrate monomers (single-unit sugars)
ex: glucose and fructose

Question 15

glucose

Answer 15

C6H12O6

Carbon chain, 7 hydrogen, 5 hydroxyl, one carboxyl

Question 16

ose

Answer 16

sugar

Question 17

disaccharide

Answer 17

two monosaccharides joined by a dehydration reaction

ex: 2 glucose into one maltose

Question 18

polysaccharide

Answer 18

polymers of monosaccharides linked together by dehydration reactions

ex: starch, glycogen, and cellulose

Question 19

starch

Answer 19

a storage polysaccharide in plants, made entirely of glucose monomers

often hydrolyzed by animals and plants for a source of glucose

Question 20

glycogen

Answer 20

stores excess sugar

Question 21

cellose

Answer 21

forms tough walls that enclose plant cells

Question 22

lipids

Answer 22

diverse compounds grouped together because they mix poorly with water. mainly carbon and hydrogen atoms linked by no polar covalent bonds.
three categories: fats, oils, and waxes

Question 23

fat

Answer 23

large lipid made from two kinds of smaller molecules; glycerol and fatty acids. used for energy storage

Question 24

unsaturated

Answer 24

have less than the max number of hydrogens (at least one carbon-carbon double bond)

Question 25

saturated

Answer 25

each carbon atom in a lipids fatty acid chain is joined to another carbon atom by a single bond

Question 26

polyunsaturated

Answer 26

more than one double bond

Question 27

steroids

Answer 27

lipids who's carbon skeleton contains four fused rings

Question 28

protein

Answer 28

a polymer constructed from amino acids monomers, they form structures (like hair and muscles), defend against diseases (antibodies), transport substances to and from cells, and control rate of reactions and regulate cell processes

Question 29

amino acids

Answer 29

amino group and a carboxyl group

Question 30

peptide bond

Answer 30

covalent linkage that joins amino acids together in a dehydration reaction that links the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of the next amino acid as a water molecule is removed

Question 31

polypeptide

Answer 31

chain of amino acids formed by peptide bonds

Question 32

four main categories of macromoleces

Answer 32

proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids

Question 33

the characteristic that all lipids have in common is

Answer 33

none dissolves in water

Question 34

a flowers color is determined by the

Answer 34

genetic instructions in its nucleic acids

Question 35

in some places a protein molecule may twist of gold back on itself. this is called (blank) and the coils or folds are held by (blank)

Answer 35

secondary structure....hydrogen bonds

Question 36

a hydrophobic amino acid r group would be found where in a protein?

Answer 36

on the inside of the folded chain, away from water

Question 37

nucleic acid

Answer 37

hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, & phosphorus transmits and stores genetic info two kinds; DNA and RNA

Question 38

nucleotides

Answer 38

monomers that make up nucleic acids | made up of a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Question 39

first 8 elements (in order)

Answer 39

hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen

Question 40

helium

Answer 40

He 2 electrons

Question 41

lithium

Answer 41

Li 3 total electrons

Question 42

beryllium

Answer 42

Be 4 total electrons

Question 43

boron

Answer 43

B 5 total electrons

Question 44

Carbon

Answer 44

C 6 total electrons

Question 45

nitrogen

Answer 45

N 7 total electrons

Question 46

oxygen

Answer 46

O 8 total electrons

Question 47

how many amino acids are there?

Answer 47

20

Question 48

what do nucleic acids and proteins have in common?

Answer 48

they are large polymers

Question 49

how does DNA differ from RNA?

Answer 49

DNA is larger, one of the nitrogenous bases is different, they contain different sugars, and DNS consists of two stranded in a double helix

Question 50

hydrogen

Answer 50

H 1 total electron