Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

honors bio > chapter 3 > Flashcards

chapter 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

aldehyde

A

hydrogen single bonded to a carbon, carbon double bonded to an oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

isomer

A

compounds with the same formula but different structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

carboxyl

A

Carbon double bonded to oxygen and single bonded to a hydrogen and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hydroxyl

A

OH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ketone (carbonyl)

A

Carbon double bonded to oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

amino acid

A

nitrogen single bonded to 2 hydrogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

phosphate

A

phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

methyl group

A

carbon bonded to three hydrogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

macromolecules

A

huge molecules like proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

polymer

A

chains made of smaller molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

monomers

A

building blocks of polymers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

dehydration reaction

A

monomers linking together to form polymers, removing a molecule of water. one monomer looses a hydroxyl group and one looses a hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hydrolysis

A

cell break bonds between monomers by adding water. a hydroxyl joins one monomer and hydrogen joins the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

enzymes

A

specialized d macromolecules that pews up chemical reactions in cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

monosaccharides

A 
carbohydrate monomers (single-unit sugars)
ex: glucose and fructose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

glucose

A

C6H12O6

Carbon chain, 7 hydrogen, 5 hydroxyl, one carboxyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ose

A

sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

disaccharide

A

two monosaccharides joined by a dehydration reaction

ex: 2 glucose into one maltose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

polysaccharide

A

polymers of monosaccharides linked together by dehydration reactions

ex: starch, glycogen, and cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

starch

A

a storage polysaccharide in plants, made entirely of glucose monomers

often hydrolyzed by animals and plants for a source of glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

glycogen

A

stores excess sugar

21
Q

cellose

A

forms tough walls that enclose plant cells

22
Q

lipids

A

diverse compounds grouped together because they mix poorly with water. mainly carbon and hydrogen atoms linked by no polar covalent bonds.
three categories: fats, oils, and waxes

23
Q

fat

A

large lipid made from two kinds of smaller molecules; glycerol and fatty acids. used for energy storage

24
Q

unsaturated

A

have less than the max number of hydrogens (at least one carbon-carbon double bond)

25
Q

saturated

A

each carbon atom in a lipids fatty acid chain is joined to another carbon atom by a single bond

26
Q

polyunsaturated

A

more than one double bond

27
Q

steroids

A

lipids who’s carbon skeleton contains four fused rings

28
Q

protein

A

a polymer constructed from amino acids monomers, they form structures (like hair and muscles), defend against diseases (antibodies), transport substances to and from cells, and control rate of reactions and regulate cell processes

29
Q

amino acids

A

amino group and a carboxyl group

30
Q

peptide bond

A

covalent linkage that joins amino acids together in a dehydration reaction that links the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of the next amino acid as a water molecule is removed

31
Q

polypeptide

A

chain of amino acids formed by peptide bonds

32
Q

four main categories of macromoleces

A

proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids

33
Q

the characteristic that all lipids have in common is

A

none dissolves in water

34
Q

a flowers color is determined by the

A

genetic instructions in its nucleic acids

35
Q

in some places a protein molecule may twist of gold back on itself. this is called (blank) and the coils or folds are held by (blank)

A

secondary structure….hydrogen bonds

36
Q

a hydrophobic amino acid r group would be found where in a protein?

A

on the inside of the folded chain, away from water

37
Q

nucleic acid

A

hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, & phosphorus
transmits and stores genetic info
two kinds; DNA and RNA

38
Q

nucleotides

A

monomers that make up nucleic acids

made up of a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

39
Q

first 8 elements (in order)

A

hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen

40
Q

helium

A

He 2 electrons

41
Q

lithium

A

Li 3 total electrons

42
Q

beryllium

A

Be 4 total electrons

43
Q

boron

A

B 5 total electrons

44
Q

Carbon

A

C 6 total electrons

45
Q

nitrogen

A

N 7 total electrons

46
Q

oxygen

A

O 8 total electrons

47
Q

how many amino acids are there?

A

20

48
Q

what do nucleic acids and proteins have in common?

A

they are large polymers

49
Q

how does DNA differ from RNA?

A

DNA is larger, one of the nitrogenous bases is different, they contain different sugars, and DNS consists of two stranded in a double helix

50
Q

hydrogen

A

H 1 total electron

honors bio (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions