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Grade 9 Geography > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Precambrian era, igneous and metamorphic rocks, formed by erosion from ancient mountains, flat rolling Hills swamps and lakes/rivers, lack of farming

A

Canadian Shield

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1
Q

Paleozoic era, sedimentary rocks, forms by erosion and glaciation, Flat plains, glacial plains, valleys; human activity: urban cities, farming

A

Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands

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2
Q

Paleozoic era, sedimentary rocks, seas washed sediments from the Canadian Shield and Rockies, slopes Rolling hills river valleys, mining potash coal and farming grain

A

Interior plains

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3
Q

Message zoic era, sedimentary rock, North American and Pacific plates colliding glaciation, high mountains rugged appearance valleys, human activity is farming in mining towns

A

Western Cordilleria

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4
Q

What is this- Mesozoic era, igneous metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, North American plate move northward, jagged peaks, almost no activity hard to reach

A

Intuition Mountains

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5
Q

Top soil

A

Surface layer or soil

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6
Q

Humus

A

Dark, upper later of soil made up of partially decayed plant material

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7
Q

Igneous rock

A

Rocks that formed when magma or lava cools. All rocks originate igneous rock

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8
Q

Rain shadow

A

Area on the Leeward side of the mountain, receiving little precipitation

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9
Q

Sedimentary

A

Rocks forms when igneous rocks have undergone erosion by wind, water and ice

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10
Q

Metamorphic

A

Igneous or sedimentary rocks that are subjected to heat, pressure and certain fluids

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11
Q

Leeward

A

Side of a mountain (range) facing away from the prevailing winds

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12
Q

Windward

A

The size of a mountain range that faces the prevailing wind

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13
Q

Continental

A

Climate type that develops away from the influence of the ocean

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14
Q

Maritime

A

Climate type that is strongly influenced by the closeness of an ocean or large body of water

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15
Q

: (88%) 4600-570 million years ago; first era and lasted 4.6 billion years

A

Precambrian

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16
Q

: (7%) 570-245 million years ago; lasted 345 million years; first plant and animal life

A

Paleozoic

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17
Q

(4%) lasted 180 million years; marked the break up of Pangaea; formation of Rockies , first birds and mammals; extinction of dinosaurs

A

Mesozoic

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18
Q

(1%) began 66 million years ago; gave Canada it’s shape; experienced last ice age 6000 years ago

A

Cenozoic ear

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19
Q

Discovers the Continental drift theory; one super continent called Pangaea

A

Wegener

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20
Q

When weather conditions of a place gradually change

A

Climate change

21
Q

Air mass

A

Large body of air having the same moisture and temperature conditions

22
Q

What are the four parts of soils?

A

Minerals, bacterial/organic material, air and moisture/water

23
Q

What is the order of soil?

A

Bedrock, parent material, subsoil, topsoil, litter

24
Q

Air is what percent of soil

A

25%

25
Q

Water is what percent of soil

A

25%

26
Q

Organic matter is what percent of soil?

A

5%

27
Q

Mineral matter is what percent of soil?

A

45%

28
Q

List three precipitation types

A

Relief precipitation, convectional precipitation and cyclonic precipitation

29
Q

Relief precipitation is when

A

The prevailing winds from an ocean or the large body of water move up the mountain, as they get up they cool and condense into moisture which creates the rainshadow on that non-Leeward side of the mountain

30
Q

Conventional precipitation is when what?

A

Is when the cold air sinks to the ground and the hot air rises

31
Q

Cyclonic precipitation is when

A

Is when warm air pushes against cold air

32
Q

Weather

A

Combination of temperature, precipitation, cloud cover and winds daily

33
Q

Climates

A

Weather conditions of a place averaged over a long period of time

34
Q

Carbon sinks

A

Reservoir that stores carbon

35
Q

Plate tectonics: Pangaea

A

A super continent that included all earth’s land measure

36
Q

Plate tectonics

A

Earths outer shell consist of plates that cause earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains, and the formation of the new crust

37
Q

What does L.O.W.E.R.N. Stand for?

A 
Latitude
Ocean currents 
Winds and air masses 
Elevation
Relief
Near water
38
Q

Describe latitude

A

Distance north or south of the equator measured in degrees

39
Q

Describe ocean currents

A

Can affect climate; ocean currents affect’s temperature of air that passes over it

40
Q

Describe winds and air masses

A

Is the large volume of air that takes on the climate conditions of the area where it is formed. If it’s near an ocean, the air will be moist. If over land, moisture may be released as precipitation

41
Q

Describe elevation

A

Temperature drops as the elevation increases. As air rises it expands because of the lower air pressure.

42
Q

Describe relief

A

Mountain barriers create relief precipitation. As moist air rises up the windward slope of the mountain rage, it expands and cools. As it cools evaporation decreases and condensation increases

43
Q

Describe Near water

A

Continental climate is land away from water and maritime is land near water which means the water indicates the hot temperatures of summer and the cold of winter

44
Q

Plate tectonics are the _____ that moved the ____ plates that make up the earth’s crust.

A

Force

Six

45
Q

Plate tectonics were know as the ______ ______.

A

Continental drift

46
Q

Mantle :

A

Rock below the crust

47
Q

Lithosphere:

A

The crust

48
Q

Places on the surface above the rising ____ are zones where plates are moving

A

Magma

49
Q

Played are very ____, when the collide they _____ up.

A

Thick, crumple

50
Q

A subduction zone is a place where one plate _____ below another, creating _______.

A

Slides, volcanoes

Grade 9 Geography (4 decks)

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