Unit 2 Flashcards
How many major linguistic groups are in the middle east?
5
How many Different language groups are within the major linguistic groups in the middle east?
18-20
Wide-ranging & comprehensive field that studies spatial aspects of human cultures
Cultural geography
Reconstruction of many of the ancient routes by which the knowledge & achievements of culture hearts spread that is, diffused, to other areas
Cultural diffusion
Allowed cities that could control irrigated farming over large hinterlands held power over others, used food as a weapon, & prospered
Hydraulic civilization theory
Played an impact on great civilizations & allowed new societies to emerge elsewhere
Climate change
Spatial spreading of dissemination of a culture element (such as technological innovation) or other phenomenon (such as disease outbreak). For the various channels of outward geographic spread from a source area
Spatial diffusion
Spreading of an innovation or idea through a fixed population in such a way that the number of those adopting grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination
Expansion diffusion
Sequential diffusion process in which the items being diffused area transmitted by their carrier agents as they relocate to new areas. The most common form of relocation diffusion involves the spreading of innovations by a migrating population
Relocation diffusion
Introduction & establishment of the Muslim religion. A process still underway, most notably along the Islamic Front, the marks the southern border of the African transition zone.
Islamization
A national group that aspires to become a nation-state but lacks the territorial means to do so; The Palestinians & kurds of the Southwest Asia are leading examples
Stateless nation
A checkerboard like spatial pattern of modernization in an emerging market economy wherein a few localized regions of a country experience most of the development while the rest are largely unaffected
Fragmented modernization
The international organization that emerged after the first world war (1914-1918) whose purpose was to maintain international peace & promote cooperation in solving international economic, social, & humanitarian problems. It consisted of as many as 58 member countries by the mid 1930s, but it failed to prevent WWII (1939-1945) & is best remembered as the flawed predecessor to the United Nations. The latter was formed in 1945, has grown since then from 51 to 193 member-countries today, & continues its primary mission of preventing international wars, serving as a forum for dialogue & conflict resolution.
League of nations
Religious movement whose objectives are to return to the foundations of that faith & to influence state policy. Often called religious fundamentalism; but in the case of Islam, Muslim prefer the term revivalism
Religious Revivalism
A doctrine within Islam, commonly translated as holy war, it entails a personal or collective struggle on the part of Muslims to live up to the religious standards prescribed by the Quran (Koran)
Jihad
Particularly virulent form of (Sunni) Muslim revivalism that was made the official faith when the modern state of Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932. Adherents call themselves “Unitarians” to signify the strict fundamentalist nature of their beliefs
Wahhabism
27 million people (growth rate, 3.2%), 167K sq. mi. (size of California)
Iraq
19 million people (growth rate, 3.2%), 71K sq. mi.
Syria
4.4 million (growth rate, 2.5%), 34K sq. mi. Sunni (92%), Christian (8%)
Jordan
5.6 million (growth rate, 1.9%), 7847 sq. mi. Judaism (82%), Islam (14%), Christian (2%)
Israel
