UNIT 2: 2.4 Motivation and demotivation Flashcards
Outline Taylor’s motivation theory
- Theory of ‘economic man’, where humans are driven or motivated by money alone
- Wage levels based on output
- ‘Fair day’s pay for a fair day’s work’
- piece-rate system, a payments to a worker for each unit produced
Outline Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs theory
- concerned with trying to identify the main needs that humans have
-If work can be organised so that we can satisfy some or all of our needs at work, then we will become more productive and satisfied - Some needs have to satisfied before others can be met
List Maslow’s hierarchy of needs from bottom to top
- Physical needs: food, shelter, water, rest
- Safety needs :protection from threats, job security, health and safety at work
- Social needs: Trust, acceptance, friendship, belonging to a group
- Esteem needs: respect from others, status, recognition of achievement
- Self-actualization, sense of self-fulfillment , reaching ones full potential
Outline Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory
- Theory suggests that they are factors that cause job dissatisfaction (hygiene factors, BASIC NEEDS) –> presence of these does not motivate you, but the absence of these will demotivate you
- Also suggests that a different set of factors cause job satisfaction (motivators, higher order needs)
Explain McClelland’s acquired needs theory (3 NEEDS)
A theory claiming that human beings have three dominant needs that drive motivation: achievement- result-driven attitude
power- desire to control others
affiliation- need for friendly relationships with others
Each person weighs up these factors differently
Explain the Deci and Ryan’s self-determination theory
POWER of intrinsic motivation
A motivation theory claiming that there are three factors that drive intrinsic motivation (when a person engages in an activity because there is a reward or pleasure in the activity itself):
autonomy- control over tasks performed
competence- performance at work are at a high standard
relatedness- interact and be connected to others
Explain the Vroom and expectancy theory
Theory claiming that human behavior is motivated by the belief in a positive link between effort and performance
Explain John Adams and equity theory
A motivation theory claiming that employees’ satisfaction in the workplace is determined by understanding of fairness (RATIO of inputs and outputs)
- employees will become demotivated towards their jobs and employer if they feel their inputs (effort, loyalty, commitment) are greater than their outputs (sense of achievement, financial rewards)
What is labor turnover?
Rate at which employees leave a business
What is employee appraisal
the process of assessing the effectiveness of an employee judged against present objectives
What is formative appraisal?
The continuous appraisal of employees so that they can improve their performance
- supportive learning process for employees, no sense of overall failure or success
What is summative appraisal?
The formal, documented appraisal of an employee, which usually takes place at a fixed time during the year
- occurs at end of project or period
- outcome could influence financial rewards
What is 360-degree feedback?
A process in which an employee receives feedback from all of the people with whom they come into contact
-Not for promotion or pay increase
- Collected from ‘all around’ an employee
What self-appraisal?
A type of appraisal where an employee evaluates their own performance; can be part of formative or summative assessment
What is internal recruitment?
filling vacant posts by appointing existing employees (recruiting a person to a post who is already working in the organisation)
