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Social Studies 20-1 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Peacekeepers

A

Armed forces who maintain peace by keeping enemies apart until a crisis can be resolved through diplomacy and negotiation

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1
Q

National interest

A

The interest if the people of a nation. National interest may be based on ethnic nationalism or civic nationalism or both

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2
Q

Peacemaking

A

Allowing armed forces that are originally sent to maintain peace in a region if conflict to use force for reasons other than self-defence

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3
Q

Policy

A

A plan of action that has been deliberately chided to guide or influence future decisions

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4
Q

Domestic policy

A

A plan of action that guides a governments decisions about what to do within a country

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5
Q

Foreign policy

A

A plan of action that guides a governments decisions about its official relations with other countries

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6
Q

Gross domestic policy

A

The value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year

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7
Q

Ultranationalism

A

An extreme form of nationalism. Ultranationalists are often frantically loyal to their own nation and hostile and racist towards other nations

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8
Q

Propaganda

A

Information and ideas that are spread to achieve a specific goal

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9
Q

Appeasement

A

Giving into demands

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10
Q

Conscription

A

Compulsory military service

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11
Q

Genocide

A

The killing of members of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group; causing serious mental or bodily harm to members of the groups

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12
Q

Crimes against humanity

A

Widespread or systematic attacks against a civilian population, including murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, imprisonment,torture, rape or sexual slavery, enforced disappearance of persons, and the crime of apartheid

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13
Q

War crimes

A

Wilful killing, torture, or inhuman treatment; wilfully causing great suffering; and intentionally directing attacks against a civilian population or against those who are involved in a humanitarian or peacekeeping mission

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14
Q

Holocaust

A

The English term used to describe the genocide of about six million Jews by the nazi during WWII

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15
Q

Ethnic cleansing

A

A term that is used to make more socially acceptable the murder or expulsion of an ethnic nation from a territory

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16
Q

Decolonization

A

The process that occurs in a former colony when an imperial power withdraws. Decolonize colonies can excersise sovereignty under international law and exercise sovereignists under international law and can join the United Nations

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17
Q

Successor state

A

A country created from a previous state. By international law, the people who lived in the predecessor state is divided into more than one state

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18
Q

What’s in Canada’s national interest now? Why?

A

Economic recovery - recent recession
Environmental protection - climate change
Education - educated public = stronger economy
Promoting cultural pluralism - builds sense of nationhood
Security - terrorist attracks
Peace with other countries - keeps Canada safe
Federal election - say in the future

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19
Q

How does nation and national identity affect national interest?

A

Understanding of nation and national identity influences view of national interest

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20
Q

How does national interest affect foreign policy

A

Foreign policy deductions are almost always based on national interest

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21
Q

What made WWI so different from other wars

A

Deadliest and most wide ranging war the world has seen

Million died, huge financial cost

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22
Q

What do people believe was a major factor to blame for the outbreak of WWI

A

Nationalism and people’s beliefs about what was in their national interest

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23
Q

How did WWI start?

A

M A I N

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24
Q

What does MAIN stand for?

A

Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism

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25
Q

What is militarism

A

An ideology that claims the military is the foundation of a society’s security, and building up a large military is a source of national pride

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26
Q

What are people usually referring to when they use the term militarism in the context of World War I

A

Europe’s arm races

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27
Q

What were Europe’s arm races?

A

The more one nationstate built up its army and navy, the more other nationstates felt they had to do the same

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28
Q

What is an alliance

A

Formal agreement establishing an association between groups to achieve a particular aim

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29
Q

For a European nationstate, what did entering a formal alliance mean?

A

If Ally decided to go to war, it would also become involved

30
Q

What is imperialism

A

Extending one’s rule over foreign countries

31
Q

What are people referring to when they use the term imperialism in the context of World War I

A

European colonies

32
Q

How did the colonies contribute to starting up the war

A

The British and French had large empires, but Germany was a newer entry in the scramble to acquire colonies

33
Q

How did alliances contribute to starting the war

A

Most alliances were military in nature

34
Q

What is the connection between militarism and nationalism

A

Popularity of nationalism led to the popularity of militarism which led to the popularity of nationalism

35
Q

What is the connection between alliances and nationalism

A

Climate of suspicion among European nations meant that alliances was seen as national interest and forming alliances strengthens nationalist sentiment

36
Q

What is the connection between imperialism and nationalism

A

Popularity of imperialism contributed to the popularity of nationalism which contributed to the popularity of imperialism

37
Q

What was the spark that set off World War I

A

The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

38
Q

What countries were major players in World War I

A

The Allies: Britain Russia Italy and France

The Central Powers: Germany Austria–Hungary and Turkey (Ottoman Empire)

39
Q

What were the theaters of war

A

The Western front, the Eastern front, the Italian front and the Balkan front

40
Q

What was the Schiefflin plan

A

Germany wanted to avoid a two fronted war against France in the West and Russia in the east
So the plan called for Germany to attack France through Belgium first, and then turn and face Russia, who would be weakened ideally by fighting against Austria beforehand

41
Q

Did the Schiefflin plan work

A

Not really

The French halted the German advance in the west, which led to trench warfare and the establishment of the Western front

42
Q

What were the differences between the Western and Eastern fronts

A

Casualties were somewhat lower on the Western front

43
Q

What new weapons did World War I bring

A

Poison gas – first used by the French
Machine guns
Flamethrowers – mainly used to clear enemy soldiers from the front-line trenches

44
Q

How did wartime propaganda work

A

Made listeners fearful and uncomfortable with anything that is different
Demonizes enemies
Infers that everything that we are doing is proper

45
Q

Why did Canada enter WWI

A

It’s membership in the British dominion meant that when the mother country was at war, so was Canada and other colonies

46
Q

What issues did Canada have with training recruits

A

Trained using old films and battle techniques

Equipped with Ross rifle- unsuitable for modern trench warfare

47
Q

Aside from soldiers, how did Canada help the war effort

A

Also contributed large amounts of food and munitions

48
Q

Why was Canada able to “step up”

A

1915 - Canadian farmers biggest cash crop

Canadian industrialists - view war as large profit opportunity

49
Q

How did WWI help the Canadian economy

A

Led to construction of thousands of factories - employed millions

50
Q

On what other ways did the Great War affect life in Canada

A

Propaganda posters all over
Censored “harmful” news stories
Rallies supporting war effort

51
Q

What were the soldiers of the soil

A

Boys who worked at Canadian farms in support of farmers wives who had been left behind

52
Q

How else did families help the war effort?

A

Families voluntarily changed consumption habits so extra could be sent to troops overseas

53
Q

What is conscription? Why was it introduced? Who introduced it?

A

Compulsory military service
Britain asked dominions to send more troops
Introduced by Borden

54
Q

Why did English Canadians feel that French Canadians weren’t doing their part?

A

French Canadians = 5% of enlisted men

55
Q

What was the military service act of 1917

A

100k men forced to join armed forces

Exceptions - farmers sons

56
Q

What was one of the turning points of the Great War?

A

The US entered the allied side in 1917

57
Q

What is an Armistice

A

Agreement that temporarily ended the fighting until a more permanent peace treaty could be drafted

58
Q

Why is WWI important to Canadian national identity

A

We evolved from a British dominion to an independent nation and began to develop a national identity distinct from britains

59
Q

Who were the major players in the negotiations at Versailles?

A

Woodrow Wilson
David Lloyd George
Clemenceau

60
Q

What was Wilson’s plan?

A 
Idea for long lasting peace
- openly negotiate treaties
- equal trade, reduce military forces 
- nations seeking self determination would get it
No countries had to pay war reparations 
- create League of Nations
61
Q

What was the League of Nations?

A

Organization to preserve world peace

62
Q

Central powers point of view of Wilson’s fourteen points

A

Fully supported these conditions

63
Q

What were the conditions of the treaty of Versailles

A

Germany required to reduce mitary strength
Pay 30 bil in war reparations
Lost territory in Europe and all overseas colonies

64
Q

Recipe for ultranationalism

A
  1. Economic hardship
  2. Charismatic leader
  3. National traditions and myths that promote feelings of superiority
65
Q

How did the recipe for ultranationalism apply in Italy?

A
  1. Economy in bad shape after WWI
  2. Government unsuitable, Fascist party appeared
  3. Appealed to Italian pride about Roman Empire
66
Q

How did the recipe for ultranationalism apply in Japan?

A
  1. Great Depression severely affect Japan’s economy
  2. Wanted strong leaders. Armed forced commanders took control
  3. Appealed to ancient samurai bushido values. Belief that Japanese superior
67
Q

How did the recipe for ultranationalism apply in Germany?

A
  1. Great Depression hit Germany hard
  2. German government ineffectual. Nazi party appeared
  3. Encouraged people to believe Germans were part of a superior race, destined to rule
68
Q

How did WWII start?

A

Germany invaded Poland on sept 1, 1939

69
Q

Root of ant-semitism

A

Decide

70
Q

What is deicide

A

Belief places entire responsibility of death of Christ on Jews as a whole

71
Q

Anti semitism action in Europe

A 
Forced conversion to Catholicism
Expulsion
Banned from marrying
Barred from certain professions 
Massacres
72
Q

What was dolchstosslegende

A

Theory that attributed Germany losing the war to public failure to respond to “patriotic calling” and the Jews intentional sabotaging of war effort

Social Studies 20-1 (3 decks)

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