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Intro to Chemistry > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

properties of matter

A

physical

chemical

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2
Q

physical properties

A

properties that don’t involve substances changing into another substance

color, odor, taste, feel, density, melting point, boiling point, temperature

Ex: boiling point, “hard”, conductivity, melts

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3
Q

chemical properties

A

properties that involve substances changing into another substance

chemical reaction

Ex: sugar ferments -> alcohol, platinum doesn’t react with oxygen @ room temp, copper sheets on statue of liberty have green coating

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4
Q

matter

A

has volume & mass

three states: solid, liquid, gas

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5
Q

volume

A

the amount of space that an object occupies

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6
Q

mass

A

the amount of matter than an object contains

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7
Q

solid

A

rigid

has fixed shape & volume

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8
Q

liquid

A

has definite volume but takes shape of container

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9
Q

gas

A

has no fixed volume/shape

takes shape & volume of container

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10
Q

chemical reaction

A

1+ substances r changed into other substances

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11
Q

physical change

A

involves a change in 1+ phsy prop’s, but no change in the fundamental componenents thtat make up the substance

most common = changes of state

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12
Q

changes of state

A

solid -> liquid = melting

liquid -> solid = freezing

liquid -> gas = evaporation

gas -> liquid = condensation

gas -> solid = sublimation (dry ice)

solid -> gas = deposition

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13
Q

chemical change

reaction

A

involves a change in the fundamental components of the substance

a given substance changes into a diff substance/substances

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14
Q

element

A

a substance that can’t be broken down into other substances by chemical methods

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15
Q

compound

A

a substance composed of a given combo of elements that can be broken down into those elements by chem methods

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16
Q

mixture

A

a combo of substances in varying proportions

Ex: salt water

homogeneous/heterogeneous

17
Q

homogeneous mixture

solution

A

uniform composition

Ex: mixed salt water

18
Q

heterogeneous mixture

A

non-uniform composition

Ex: choc chip cookie, sand & water

19
Q

pure substance

A

will always have same composition

element/compound

20
Q

organization of matter

A
21
Q

separation of mixtures

A

physical changes

distillation

filtration

22
Q

distillation

A

liquid -> gas -> liquid

Ex: salt water. solution heated to vaporize(boil) water. water vapor cooled so that condenses back to liquid state & liquid is collected. after all water vaporized from original sample, pure sodium chloride remains. physical changes.

separates liquids based on boiling point by condensing vapor

used to recover liquids

23
Q

filtration

A

Ex: mixture of salt(sodium chloride) & sand. sand = not soluble in water. add water & dissolve salt. filter so that salt solution passes thru & sand remains on filter. water then evaporated from salt.

separates solids from liquids

used to recover solids or liquids

24
Q

qualitative

A

based on observations such as appearance, odor, color

25
Q

quantitative

A

based on measurements such as mass, volume, temperature

26
Q

evaporation

A

separates solids from liquids

used to recover solids

27
Q

distilled water

A

water that has been evaporated & condensed to remove impurities

28
Q

reagent

A

a substance or compound that is added to a system in order to bring about a chemical reaction, or added to see if a reaction occurs

29
Q

precipitate

A

the formation of a solid in a solution during a chemical reaction

30
Q

percent recovery

A

new total mass

original total mass

31
Q

mass percent of ____ in mixture

A

mass of recovered ___

total mass of recovered solids

x 100

32
Q

NaOH

A

sodium hydroxide

33
Q

HCl

A

hydrochloric acid

34
Q

M

A

molarity

measrue of concentration (moles/liter)

Intro to Chemistry (6 decks)

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