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Intro to Chemistry > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

chemistry

A

the science that deals with matter and the changes that matter undergoes

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2
Q

matter

A

the materials of the universe

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3
Q

chemical change

A

where one or more substances become different substances

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4
Q

scientific method

A
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5
Q

observation

A

qualitative

quantitative

can be witnessed/recorded

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6
Q

qualitative observation

A

doesn’t involve a number

color, odor, appearance

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7
Q

quantitative observation

A

involves a # (mass, volume) & units

measurement

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8
Q

hypothesis

A

possible explanation for the observations

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9
Q

experiment

A

test hypothesis

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10
Q

theory/model

A

once we have hypothesis that agrees w/ observations

a set of tested hypotheses that explains some part of nature

why?

an interpretation of the behavior of nature

change as more info becomes available

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11
Q

law of conservation of mass

A

the total mass of materials involved is the same before and after a chemical change

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12
Q

natural law

A

generally observed behavior as statement

often see that same behavior applies to many diff systems

Ex: law of conservation of mass

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13
Q

law

A

a summary of observed behavior

what?

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14
Q

scientific notation

A

method used to make writing very large/very small #’s more compact & easier to use

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15
Q

units

A

define the scale of measurement being used

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16
Q

English system

A

mass - lb

length - ft

time - s

temp - F

17
Q

SI system

A

mass - kg

length - m

time - s

temp - K

18
Q

metric prefixes

A

Good Mornings kan definitely call me my name

giga, G, 109

mega, M, 106

kilo, k, 103

deci, d, 10-1

centi, c, 10-2

milli, m, 10-3

micro, µ, 10-6

nano, n, 10-9

19
Q

volume

A

the amount of space that an obj occupies

metric - liter (L)

SI - m3

in lab, milliliter (mL) = cm3 (cc)

20
Q

mass

A

quantity of matter in an obj

SI - kg

in lab, gram(g)

21
Q

certain digits

A

always the same

22
Q

uncertain digits

A

estimated & may vary

23
Q

significant figures

A

’s recorded in a measurement

determined by uncertainty of the measurement

do: nonzero, captive 0’s, trailing 0’s (if decimal)
infinite: exact & counted #’s

don’t: conversion factors, sci notation, leading 0’s

24
Q

rounding off

A

carry all digits until final calculation

if first insignificant digit is 5+, up; -5, down

NOT sequential

25
Q

sig fig multiplication/division

A

use # of sig figs in limiting term

26
Q

limiting term

A

the measurement w/ the smallest # of sig figs or decimal places

27
Q

sig fig addition/subtraction

A

smallest # of decimal places

28
Q

accuracy

A

how close the measurement is to the true value

29
Q

precision

A

a measure of how close the measurements r to each other

30
Q

equivalence statement

A

defines the relationship b/w diff units

Ex: 1 kg = 2.205 lbs

31
Q

conversion factor

A

a ratio of the 2 parts of an equivalence statement that relates the 2 units

Ex: 1kg/2.205lbs

32
Q

dimensional analysis

A

the process of converting from 1 unit to another

choose conversion factor that cancels the units u don’t want

when cubing/squaring, make sure to cube/square the WHOLE conversion factor

33
Q

Kelvin

A

absolute temp scale

doesn’t use degree notation, just K

34
Q

temperature conversion

A

C - K = C + 273

K - C = K - 273

F - C = (F-32)/1.8

C - F = 1.8(C) + 32

35
Q

extensive property

A

depends on quantity of sample measured

mass, volume

36
Q

intensive property

A

independent of sample size

prop’s often characteristic of substance being measrued

Ex: density, temp, melting & boiling pts

37
Q

density

A

D = m/v

g/cm3 or g/mL

Intro to Chemistry (6 decks)

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