Unit 2 1918 To 1921 Flashcards
When did the Civil War break out
Summer 1918
Who was involved in the Civil war
Bolsheviks and mensheviks
Who were the reds and who were the whites
The reds were the bolsheviks and the whites were the mensheviks
What did the monarchists want
A return of the tsar
What did the kerenskyists want
A return of the constituent assembly
What did the landowners want
Their land back from the peasants
What did the reds have geographically which gave them an advantage
Industrial cities like petrograd and Moscow
Why did the reds have easy transportation
They controlled the railway networks
Was Trotsky a good leader to the red army
Yes and he earned respect off his troops because of it
What did Trotsky do to ensure the loyalty of his men
Held their families captive
Why did lenin introduce war communism
To keep the red army controlled with food and weapons
Why were the whites communication not good
The armies were spread over a large area
Did the white army have similar aims and were they united
No
What did the white army suffer from as a consequence of all their poor organization
Low morale and mass desertions
What did strikes result in during war communism
The death penalty
What resulted from the peasants not wanting to sell their food because of poor price
Lenin took their food and anyone hiding any was punished
What was the red terror
Where hundreds of bolshevik opposers were killed by the cheka
What did the reds do to undermine the whites
Shot the tsar and his family
How many did the cheka kill
250 000
What was the politburo and who was in it
A small comitee that could make decisions fast
Lenin, Trotsky and Stalin
What did the orgburo do
Carried out the decisions made by the politburo
What did war communism do to finance
Destroyed the economy because of mass inflation
What happened to industrial production under lenin
Declined sharply
What does famine mean
An extreme scarcity of food
Why did many people turn to cannibalism
Because 5 million died in a famine
What happened because of the 5 million deaths
Oppostion to lenins government grew
Why were lenins most trusted workers on strike by February 1921
Demanded better conditions
What was the krodnstat rising
Where all of lenins most loyal supporters went on strike to demand better conditions
How many people were killed when krondstat was put down
10000
What did krondstat convince lenin
War communism had to be replaced by an nep
What were nepmen
Traders who sold goods for profit
What was the nep
A new economic policy which tried to get the economy back on track by allowing profit in factories and allowing selling of extra crops
What were ehte successes of the nep
New currency stabilized currency
Industry recovered
Famine ended
Why did people see the nep as betraying communism
Certain people being able to sell things for a profit is a retreat to capitalism
What did increased food production do
Made food cheaper
How did communism improve women’s lives
Made women equal in the workplace
Abortion introduced
How was religion affected under communism
People were allowed to believe in whatever but kids were not taught religion in school
What was komosol
A programme set up to encourage communist ideas in the youth
How did communism affect education
New schools were built so more people understood the ideas of communism
What did the film October do
Portrayed the people as the decisive factor that bolshevism seized power
What did the treaty of Rapollo do
Established friendly relations with Russia and Germany
Why did other countries open trade with russia
They recognized the communist government
Why couldn’t Trotsky lead russia
He was jewish
Why didn’t lenin want Stalin to be his successor
He didn’t view him as a suitable leader
What did Stalin do to Trotsky with lenins funeral
Told him the wrong date so Trotsky looked disrespectful and reduced his chances of success
When was Trotsky expelled from the politburo
1926
What did lenin manage to restore socially for russia
Politics, economy and social stability
Would the revolution have succeeded without lenins ideas
Probably not
Why did brutal force help lenin but make him a bad leader
He repressed his opposers
The cheka scared many people to death
Why did lenin encourage Stalins purges in the 1930s
He had a cruel regime
Why was it a problem that lenin didn’t name a successor
In the power struggle leaders only concentrated on themselves instead of the people of Russia
Did lenin leave clear instructions on the future of communism ideas
No
