Unit 2 Flashcards
an ideology that holds that certain populations are nations, that the world is divided into nations, and that a nation should be self-determining (i.e. able to establish its own institutions, laws, and government and to determine its future)
Nationalism
a community of people, normally defined by a combination of ethnicity, language, and culture, with a subjective sense of belonging together.
A nation
Factors influencing how people form their sense of self include:
gender
sexual orientation/sexual identity
language
religion
class
race
one of the ways that we define ourselves and define others in relation to ourselves. Because of this, race also has an impact on nations and nationalism. Historically, and today, people face discrimination based on race. Race is important because in society we have ideas about groups based on race, and these ideas affect how we see and interact in our political world.
Race
Negative aspects of nationalism
Nationalism can be a negative thing, associated with hatred, violence, and intolerance. There are plenty of examples of the negative sides of nationalism throughout history. We have only to look at recent history for clearcut examples of the negatives… Genocide and Ethnic Cleansing
“the deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, ethnic, or religious group. The term was developed in response to the horrors of the holocaust”.
Genocide
“the removal of one or more ethnic groups from a society by means of expulsion, imprisonment, or killing. The term entered the political lexicon in reference to the former Yugoslavia; it was first used to describe the violent measures and policies designed to eliminate or drastically reduce the Muslim and Croat populations in Serb-held territory”.
Ethnic cleansing
“a state that contains more than one nation”.
Multination state
nationalistic groups are divided up around the world…but still think of themselves as a nation, and this is known as a
Diaspora
Two ways government gave dealt with diversity:
1.multiculturalism
2.dominant conformity
a policy sometimes adopted in a state characterized by cultural pluralism that encourages ethnic and cultural groups to maintain their customs and traditions, often with public financial assistance. The purpose of multiculturalism has been to ensure that minority groups are not discriminated against, and that they are INCLUDED in the dominant group of society, not to ensure that they can do their own thing in isolation.
Multiculturalism
the opposite of multiculturalism. It is a model of ethnic group integrationthat holds that all groups in a society should conform to the language and values of the dominant group. In the case of the old Yugoslavia, this is the idea behind historical policies emphasizing Serbian conformity, which aimed to have all groups assimilate by speaking Serbian and holding the values of the dominant group. Some examples of this include the idea of official language, culturally specific education, etc.
Dominant conformity
The coexistence of many ethnic and cultural groups within a country. Such diversity is the starting point in arguing that all groups in a society can maintain their linguistic, cultural, and religious distinctiveness without being relegated to the economic or cultural margins, and is achieved through the creation of a common set of values and institutions.
Cultural pluralism
