Unit 2 Flashcards
define surfactant
The fetal lungs produce surfactant around 22 to 28 weeks. Surfactant helps decrease the surface tension in the alveoli during expiration
Twin to twin syndrome
one fetus gives the other fetus part of its blood volume but does not receive any in return. great risk is cord entanglement
define fraternal twins
Fraternal twins develop from separate egg and sperm fertilizations and are dizygotic twins. Fraternal twins may or may not be the same sex, and their genetic material is not identical, 2 placentas
define paternal twins
Identical twins derive from one zygote (one egg and one sperm which divides into two zygotes shortly after fertilization), so identical twins are monozygotic twins. They share the same genetic material and are always the same sex.
define monozygotic twins
identical twins, they share the shame genetic material and are always the same sex, 1 placenta
hypertension during pregnancy, how to treat
have client lay on left side, laying flat on back compressed the aorta & VC against the spine
what is a teratogen
A teratogen is a substance that causes birth defects. The severity of the defect depends on when during development the conceptus is exposed to the teratogen. Ingested, infectious, environmental substances, drugs/alcohol varicella/rebuella, xrays/radioactive substances
define ectopic pregnancy
when the zygote implants in places other than the uterus.
define fetal circulation
the fetus is dependent upon the maternal circulation for its oxygenation and the fetus does not use its lungs to oxygenated blood. fetal cirulation aids in carrying oxygenated blood from the placenta to the major organs especially the brain, liver and kidneys. Ductus venosus, foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus
ovulation time frame
sperm are able to fertilize the ovum for up to 72 hours after ejaculation
Pelvic inflammatory disease
the major risk for development of PID is untreated sexually transmitted infections (STI), both parties should be treated w/ antibotic drugs
UTI
painful/burning during urination, women with cystocele is at a higher risk for UTIs, drink plenty of fluids including juices, wipe front to back
endometrioisis
painful reproductive disorder where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus
common findings in 1st trimesters
to accept the pregnancy, physical/psychosocial changes, prenatal exercise, fetal growth & development
common findings in 2nd trimester
accept the baby, benefit of breastfeeding, common discomforts and relief measures, preparation of childbirth and childbirth education classes
common findings in third trimester
preparing for parenthood, breathing/relaxation techniques, labor process, fetal movement/kicks counts, diagnostics testing for fetal well-being
whats important about prenatal class teaching
Allows for initiation of strategies to promote good health and early interventions in the event a complication occurs. Assessment of maternal & fetal well-being focus of prenatal care; Nurses role: screen woman, monitor vital signs, provide information, collect data, answer questions and complete ordered procedures
fetal ultrasound
Done to determine or confirm gestational age, observe the fetus and diagnose fetal and placental abnormalities. Can be done transabdominal, transvaginal & doppler flow studies
anemia during pregnancy patient education
Pica is the persistent ingestion of nonfood substances such as clay, laundry starch, freezer frost, or dirt. It results from a craving for these substances that some women develop during pregnancy. These cravings disappear when the woman is no longer pregnant. Pica may be accompanied by iron deficiency anemia. If you suspect or discover that a pregnant woman is practicing pica, tell the registered nurse or the practitioner immediately. Special counseling is indicated in this situation.
dietary needs for pregnancy
prenatal multivitamin, iron supplement after 28 wks, folic acid supplement prenatally and during pregnancy
vegan diet education
protein area of concern, iron & zinc requirements also concern
hormones necessary for successful pregnancy & their role
prolactin levels increase progressively, crucial for lactogenesis, oxytocin responsible for rhythmic uterine contractions of labor.
emotional support ,tips/recommendations during pregnancy
critical during pregnancy,
presumptive signs of pregnancy
subjective data woman experience and report (vomiting, nausea, tender breast)
probable signs of pregnanacy
objective signs measured by trained examiner
positive signs of pregnancy
diagnostic confirmation (ultrasound, fetal heart beat)
calculate GTP(al)
Gravida: total number of pregnancies
Term delievers: number of pregnancies that went to term (at or beyond 38 weeks)
Preterm delieveries: number of pregnancies that delievered 20wks or before the end of the 37wks gestation
Calculate (gtp)AL
Abortions: the number of pregnancies that ended before 20 wks gestation
Living children: the number of children delivered who are alive at time of history collected
NonRho(D) immune globin needs, use and patient education
women who are Rho(D)-negative should receive Rho(D) immune globulin after the procedure as there is risk for leaking of fetal blood into the maternal circulatory system from this invasive procedure
Calculate estimated date of delivery (naegele rule)
add 7 days to the first day of the last missed period then subtact 3 months.
vaginal discharge in pregnancy
Increased production of cervical glands and vasocongestion of the pelvic area contribute to the discharge. sanitary pads help absorb
heartburn treatment & medication dosing recommendations
sit up for 30 mins after meal. pressure in the esophagus are lower than in the nonpregnant state
nonstress test during pregnancy
noninvasive way to monitor fetal wellbeing, a reactive NST is reassuring
backaches
Softening & loosening of the ligaments supporting joints/spine, pelvis can contribute to low back pain. use good posture, proper body mechanics, bend at knees. treatment heat, ice, acetaminophen, massage
swelling in legs
leg cramps (common occurrence) , get enough rest, resting several days with elevated feet, walking, wearing low shoes, treatment: magnesium lactate or citrate may be helpful adequate hydration, consuming potassium
Amniocentesis
make sure she is aware of all the complications; Aspiration of amniotic fluid through the abdominal walls to obtain fetal cells for chromosomal analysis, usually down between 15-20 weeks gestation
Umbilical vein vs Umbilical artery
1 umbilical vein oxygen rich blood to the fetus from placenta
2 umbilical arteries deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta
placenta for baby
organ that sustains and nourishes the growing pregnancy
amniotic fluid serves as
physical protection, temperature regulation, space for unrestricted movement and allowance for symmetrical growth
ultrasound can determine babys gender by
end of 16 weeks
vegan pregnant lady needs
to add vitamin B12
when pregnant what body part becomes darker
areolas become darker
home pregnancy test was positive and then negative for client, what should nurse do
encourage pt to still come in
oxytocin
a posterior pituitary hormone, responsible for the rhythmic uterine contactions of labor
to prevent up to 70% birth defectS
b9 folic acid can be taken
bloody mucus while pregnant?
one time discharge mucus plug,
what should the nurse tell young teen moms while pregnant
baby has to eat too, make sure you’re fcking eating
first visit education
proper nutrition, rest factors, dietary needs, during pregnancy blood volume can increase by 40%
