unit 2

Question 1

What is the structure, powers, and processes of the legislative branch?

Answer 1

Congress

Question 2

What are the roles, powers, and functions of the executive branch?

Answer 2

The Presidency

Question 3

What is the organization and role of bureaucratic agencies?

Answer 3

The Federal Bureaucracy

Question 4

What describes the structure, powers, and decision-making processes of the judicial branch?

Answer 4

The Federal Judiciary

Question 5

What case established the principle of judicial review?

Answer 5

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Question 6

What does the term ‘Judicial Review’ refer to?

Answer 6

The ability of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional

Question 7

What case confirmed that federal law is supreme over state law?

Answer 7

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Question 8

What is the significance of the Supremacy Clause?

Answer 8

It establishes that federal law takes precedence over state law

Question 9

What case defined the scope of Congress’s power to regulate interstate commerce?

Answer 9

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Question 10

What does the Commerce Clause allow Congress to do?

Answer 10

Regulate interstate commerce

Question 11

What landmark case declared that African Americans were not citizens?

Answer 11

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

Question 12

What principle did Dred Scott v. Sandford violate?

Answer 12

Due Process

Question 13

What case upheld racial segregation laws for public facilities?

Answer 13

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Question 14

What doctrine did Plessy v. Ferguson establish?

Answer 14

Separate but Equal Doctrine

Question 15

What was the impact of Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?

Answer 15

Declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional

Question 16

What clause was central to the Brown v. Board of Education decision?

Answer 16

Equal Protection Clause

Question 17

What case established the Exclusionary Rule?

Answer 17

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

Question 18

What does the Exclusionary Rule protect against?

Answer 18

Unlawful searches and seizures

Question 19

What case guaranteed the right to legal counsel for criminal defendants?

Answer 19

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Question 20

What right is ensured by Gideon v. Wainwright?

Answer 20

Right to Counsel

Question 21

What case protected students’ right to free speech in public schools?

Answer 21

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

Question 22

What term describes the type of speech protected in Tinker v. Des Moines?

Answer 22

Symbolic Speech

Question 23

What case limited the government’s power to restrain the press?

Answer 23

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)

Question 24

What principle does the case New York Times Co. v. United States reinforce?

Answer 24

Freedom of the Press

Question 25

What case legalized abortion based on a woman's right to privacy?

Answer 25

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Question 26

What term describes the right protected in Roe v. Wade?

Answer 26

Right to Privacy

Question 27

What case addressed affirmative action in higher education?

Answer 27

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978)

Question 28

What does the term 'Affirmative Action' refer to?

Answer 28

Policies that consider race in college admissions

Question 29

What case ruled that corporations can spend unlimited amounts on political campaigns?

Answer 29

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

Question 30

What principle does Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission relate to?

Answer 30

Free Speech

Question 31

What case struck down a key provision of the Voting Rights Act?

Answer 31

Shelby County v. Holder (2013)

Question 32

What principle was established in Baker v. Carr (1961)?

Answer 32

One person, one vote

Question 33

What clause was central to the Baker v. Carr decision?

Answer 33

Equal Protection Clause

Question 34

What case ruled that official prayer in public schools violated the Establishment Clause?

Answer 34

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

Question 35

What does the Establishment Clause prohibit?

Answer 35

The government from establishing an official religion

Question 36

What case emphasized the importance of religious freedom for Amish children?

Answer 36

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

Question 37

What clause does Wisconsin v. Yoder relate to?

Answer 37

Free Exercise Clause

Question 38

What case set limits on free speech during times of national security?

Answer 38

Schenck v. United States (1919)

Question 39

What principle did Schenck v. United States establish?

Answer 39

Clear and Present Danger

Question 40

What case ruled that race-based redistricting must meet strict scrutiny?

Answer 40

Shaw v. Reno (1993)

Question 41

What was the impact of United States v. Lopez (1995)?

Answer 41

Limited Congress's power under the Commerce Clause

Question 42

What case ruled that the Second Amendment applies to state and local governments?

Answer 42

McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

Question 43

What doctrine is associated with the Second Amendment in McDonald v. Chicago?

Answer 43

Incorporation Doctrine

Question 44

What term describes the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism and injustice?

Answer 44

Civil Disobedience

Question 45

What document discusses the importance of an independent judiciary?

Answer 45

Federalist No. 78

Question 46

What concept does Federalist No. 78 emphasize?

Answer 46

Judicial Independence