Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does it mean to be human?

A

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

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2
Q

What is human rights education?

A

Human Rights Education (HRE) fosters respect for universal rights, promotes democracy, and encourages critical thinking and action against injustices. It combines personal reflection with understanding global issues, aiming to prevent abuses and uphold human dignity.

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3
Q

What are human rights?

A

Human rights belong to all people regardless of their sex, race, color, language, national origin, age, class, religion, or political beliefs. They are universal, inalienable, indivisible, and interdependent.

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4
Q

What does survival/subsistence mean?

A

the struggle to meet basic needs under conditions where resources are deliberately withheld or destroyed to weaken or eliminate a group.

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5
Q

What is human dignity?

A

the inherent worth of individuals that genocide seeks to destroy through dehumanization, persecution, and violence.

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6
Q

What are conveniences/luxuries?

A

non-essential resources or comforts that are often stripped from targeted groups, highlighting their oppression and contrasting with the privileged conditions of perpetrators.

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7
Q

How was the UDHR created?

A

The devastation of World War II sparked an international desire for peace. It also encouraged the creation of a system of principles that could ensure the protection of basic human rights and dignity.

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8
Q

Who was Eleanor Roosevelt?

A

the chairperson of the UN Commission on Human Rights. She worked with a small group of representatives from countries around the world to define the most essential universal rights and establish them in an official document. And was one of the first delegates to the UN.

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9
Q

Who was Raph Lemkin?

A

Coined term if Genocide and was a relentless advocate for the prosecution of war criminals for genocide

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10
Q

Why was the UDHR designed?

A
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11
Q

Know _______ articles from the UDHR

A
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12
Q

What is the difference between needs and wants?

A

Need: something essential for survival or well-being, like food, water
Want: not essential for survival or well-being, such as luxury items, entertainment, or comfort.

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13
Q

How have human rights evolved?

A

In 1945, the United Nations Charter established promoting human rights as a key goal. To achieve this, the Commission on Human Rights was tasked with defining specific rights and drafting an International Bill of Human Rights.

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14
Q

What is the international bill of human rights?

A

The International Bill of Human Rights consists of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR),

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15
Q

What is UNESCO,UNICEF, NGOs?

A
  1. UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization): A UN agency focused on promoting international collaboration in education, science, culture, and communication to foster peace and sustainable development.
  2. UNICEF (United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund): A UN agency dedicated to improving the health, education, and welfare of children worldwide, particularly in underprivileged and crisis-affected areas.
  3. NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations): Independent organizations, separate from governments, that work on various social, humanitarian, environmental, or advocacy missions to address global or local issues and promote positive change.
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16
Q

What is some background on ethnic Armenians?

A

-over 4000 years old
-has own language, alphabet
-distinctive architecture
-First Nation to adopt Christianity in 301AD
-location of garden of Eden and Mt. Ararat (where Noha’s ark landed

17
Q

What are the seeds of genocide through the Ottoman Empire?

A

-Ottoman Empire was in decline
-Armenians were subjected to massacres, kidnapping, rape,robbery
-as Christian’s they were second class to the ottoman Turks
-special groups were created to carry out the massacres
-most Armenians were drafted, unarmed, and put into camps
-government officials, Muslims, clerics and others spread rumours of Armenians betraying Turkey

18
Q

How was the Armenian genocide implemented?

A

-armed groups would come to villages and take able bodied men to kill them
-women, children, and elderly then ordered to prepare for deportation
-girls carried off, children enslaved or raised as kurds or Turks
-starvation and disease, exposure, brutality, massacre

19
Q

What was the reaction to the Armenian genocide (denial)?

A

Armenians: most didn’t know what was happening until too late
-church leaders urged by villagers not to give in to provocations
Turks, Kurds and others:-took advantage of the situation-looting, killing,etc
-some risked their lives to help Armenians
Foreigners: -many news reports, diplomatic protests
-some saved Armenians
-no real action taken by foreign government’s

20
Q

What was the aftermath of the Armenian genocide?

A

-1914, there was 2538 Armenian churches,451 monasteries and nearly 2000 schools
-outside of Istanbul Armenians possess six churchs, no monasteries, and no schools
-nearly all moveable property was either confiscated by the government, looted by mobs or seized during death marches

21
Q

How is the Armenian genocide recognized today?

A

-Turkish government is still denying
-Turkey passed a law in 2004 (bill 301) to make it a criminal act to mention it
-Turkey pays millions to US lobbying and PR firms to help deny the genocide

22
Q

What was the irish famine?

A

The Irish Famine (1845–1852) devastated Ireland, as potato blight destroyed staple crops. England’s policies, such as land practices and grain exports, worsened the crisis, leading to one million deaths and another million emigrating, reducing the population by 20–25%.

23
Q

How was starvation used as a form of genocide?

A

During World War I, up to 1.5 million Armenians died due to genocidal policies by the Ottoman Empire’s Young Turk government. Armenians were displaced, massacred, or starved through deliberate deprivation of food, water, and shelter, despite claims of a general food shortage.

24
Q

Holodomor and starvation through farming taxes

A

The Holodomor (1932–1933) was an artificial famine in Soviet Ukraine that killed around 4 million people. Soviet policies, including grain confiscation, travel restrictions, and repression of Ukrainian elites, aimed to suppress Ukrainian autonomy, with death rates peaking at 25,000 per day.

25
Q

What is the connection with the USSR denial in modern day?

A
26
Q

What is the background and build up to the genocide with the Khmer Rouge?

A

Cambodia’s path to genocide was marked by decades of upheaval after gaining independence in 1953. Political instability, war, globalization, and radical communism destabilized the country, culminating in the Khmer Rouge regime, which left it traumatized and devastated by 1979.

27
Q

What was the US’ involvement and the Vietnam war?

A

During the Vietnam War, the U.S. targeted North Vietnamese supply routes through Cambodia, including the Ho Chi Minh Trail. In 1969, President Nixon launched the secret bombing campaign Operation Menu, aiming to disrupt North Vietnamese support for Cambodia’s communist movement.

28
Q

Bombing of Cambodian pathways

A

U.S. targeted North Vietnamese supply routes through Cambodia, including the Ho Chi Minh Trail. In 1969, was known as operation Menu

29
Q

Cambodian rice fields and starvation

A
30
Q

Result of the genocide

A