unit 2

Question 1

Components of the integumentary system

Answer 1

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, pigmentation

Question 2

Layers of epidermis

Answer 2

stratum basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum (low to high)

Question 3

parts of dermis

Answer 3

papillary and reticular layers

Question 4

what is in pigmentation

Answer 4

melanosomes

Question 5

describe stratum basale

Answer 5

deepest epidermal layer. dermal papilla. Merkel cells are touch receptor cells. melanocytes produce melanin

Question 6

stratum spinosum

Answer 6

spiky layer. desosomes strengthen the bond between cells. Langerhans cell engulfs bacteria and other foreign particles, as well as damaged cells.

Question 7

stratum grnaulosum

Answer 7

grainy. flatter cells, generate keratin. Nuclei and organelles disintegrate during cell death

Question 8

stratum lucidum

Answer 8

smooth and translucent. found ONLY in thick skin.

Question 9

stratum corneum

Answer 9

most superficial. dead layer. prevents dehydration and protects from bacteria.

Question 10

dermal papilla

Answer 10

strengthens connection between epidermis and dermis

Question 11

identify and describe hypodermis

Answer 11

layer under dermis, connecting underlying fascia of bones and muscle. Vascularized. For fat storage and insulation

Question 12

keratinocyte purpose

Answer 12

produce and store keratin.

Question 13

melanocyte purpose

Answer 13

influences skin color

Question 14

accessory structures of skin include:

Answer 14

hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands

Question 15

what are sebaceous glands

Answer 15

oil glands

Question 16

structure of hair

Answer 16

made of keratin. Grows from root. Center of hair is medulla, surrounded by cortex, and then the cuticle. Cortex determines texture. Arrector pili pulls hair to make goosebumps.

Question 17

function of hair

Answer 17

helps with insulation. keeps stuff out of eyes

Question 18

structure of nails

Answer 18

the nail body (actual nail) grows over nail bed. nail root produces nail. nail fold attaches nail to body. hyponychium is under tip of nail. crescent lunula is the white part at base. made of dead keratinocytes

Question 19

function of nails

Answer 19

used to manipulate objects and protect the ends of digits

Question 20

structure of sweat glands

Answer 20

deeper in dermis, connected to epidermis by a tube

Question 21

function of sweat glands

Answer 21

termoregulation

Question 22

structure of sebaceous glands

Answer 22

connected to epithelial sheath of hair, near epidermis

Question 23

function of sebaceous glands

Answer 23

secrete oil to protect scalp from drying out and waterproofs hair

Question 24

functions of skin

Answer 24

protection from elements (UV, water, etc.); register sensory information; thermoregulation; in vitamin D synthesis