Unit 2

Question 1

Harappa and Mohenjo Daro

Answer 1

-Cities of the Indus River Valley Civilization
-2 major cities
-evidence of careful planning (houses organized in blocks and rows)
-Large scale infrastructure
-plumbing
-value of cleanliness
-evidence of a government
-no places of worship or places of government
-farming central to economy
-statues and images on clay seals evident of religious beliefs

Question 2

Vedic Age

Answer 2

-merging of indo-aryans and dravidians
-formative period

Question 3

Vedas

Answer 3

-4 oldest Hindu religious texts
-written in sanskrit
-tell about the religion and society of the Vedic age

Question 4

The four varnas

Answer 4

-Social hierarchy of Hindu society
-Brahmins (priests)
-Kshatriyas (warriors and kings)
-Vaisyas (herders and farmers)
-Sudras (laborers and servants)
-rigid and complex caste system
-dependent on birth(Jati)
-determined marriage, jobs, and social life
-higher classes more pure

Question 5

Dalits

Answer 5

-Lowest level of caste system
-Below and outside of varna system

Question 6

Brahman

Answer 6

-Primary God
-moksha means union with him

Question 7

Samsara

Answer 7

-reincarnation
-All existence is cyclical
-cycle of death and rebirth

Question 8

Karma

Answer 8

-governs samsara
-satisfaction of dharma=good karma and higher varna

Question 9

Dharma

Answer 9

-divine law
-pursuit of ones true calling
-different based on castes
-fulfillment is a moral and religious duty

Question 10

Moksha

Answer 10

-obtainable by any class
-union with Brahman
-perfect fulfillment of dharna
-a drop in the ocean
-release from cycle of death and rebirth

Question 11

Siddharta Gautama

Answer 11

-Hindu Prince
-gave up riches for spiritual enlightenment
-did not want to be worshipped as a god
-reached enlightenment and learned of the four noble truths

Question 12

4 noble truths

Answer 12

-all life is suffering (dukkha)
-the cause is desire (Tanha) and ignorance (avidya)
-to end suffering end desire and ignorance
-to end desire and ignorance follow the eightfold path to learn imperneance (cantina) and non self (anatman)

Question 13

Eightfold path

Answer 13

-attain wisdom, virtue, and meditate
-through right views, intention, speech,action,livelihood,mindfulness,effort,concentration

Question 14

Nirvana

Answer 14

-ultimate goal
-emptying of self
-recognize the truths

Question 15

Oracle bones

Answer 15

-used by the Shang dynasty
-oxen bones
-used in divination

Question 16

Mandate of Heaven

Answer 16

-divine right to rule
-zhou dynasty
-can be won or lost
-explains rise and fall of dynasties

Question 17

Warring states period

Answer 17

-intense warfare between Zhou and rivals
-need for new social and political ideas
-100 schools of thought

Question 18

Confucianism

Answer 18

• ren which means people should behave in a loving, selfless, and moral way.
  -Ren must be lived out in Five Relationships
  -principle of filial piety, which means that children should respect their parents.
  -Mastering ren requires self-discipline built through the practice of li, the ritual forms and rules of propriety through which one expresses respect for superiors and sincerely acknowledges one’s role in society
  -A good ruler must possess de or virtue
  -ruler must learn self-discipline
  -lead by example

Question 19

Daoism

Answer 19

-Laozi
-The main principle is the Dao which means “the Way” -The Dao is ineffable and limitless.
-The Dao is an absolute entity which is the source of the universe
-virtue is seen as returning to one’s nature
- living in harmony and letting things take their natural course
-nonaction
-avoidance of aggressive measures like wars, cruel punishments and heavy taxes

Question 20

Qin shi huang

Answer 20

-first emperor
-qin dynasty
-means “the first Qin emperor”
-end of warring states period

Question 21

Qin dynasty

Answer 21

-established a bureacracy
-built Great Wall of china
-roads and canals
-increase of trade

Question 22

legalism

Answer 22

-fear-based ruling
-han fei
-strict adherence to laws
-harsh punishments

Question 23

Terracotta army

Answer 23

-qin dynasty
-massive underground tomb and army to help him continue his rule in the afterlife

Question 24

Han Dynasty

Answer 24

Maintained the same government structure but:
Simplified law codes
Reduced tax rates
Few public projects requiring forced labor
Few military campaigns requiring soldiers

Question 25

Civil service exam

Answer 25

-Intended to draw talented people into the government regardless of social class (i.e. meritocracy)
-The exam covered a wide range of subjects, requiring essays on the Confucian classics, history, law, poetry, calligraphy and administrative procedures.
-Confucianism became the dominant philosophy

Question 26

Han=golden age

Answer 26

Marked by peace, stability, and economic prosperity
Technological advances:
Papermaking
Magnetic compass
Improved metalwork
Silk manufacturing

Question 27

Astheticism

Answer 27

self denial/starvation, buddhist practice that siddahrta Gautama did

Question 28

Sacrifices to claim Mandate of Heaven

Answer 28

Feng and Shan

Question 29

Atman

Answer 29

soul (budd. and hindu)