Unit 2 Flashcards
What are the divisions of the respiratory tract starting from the bronchi?
bronchi > PRIMARY bronchioles > TERMINAL bronchioles > RESPIRATORY bronchioles > alveolar DUCTS > alveolar SACS
How much air is exchanged by the alveoli per lung?
300 cc
What are the pleurae?
serous membranes which line the outside of each lung and maintain air pressure within them
What are the 3 types of pleurae?
visceral (inner), parietal (outer), diaphragmatic
What sorts of tissue make up the bronchi?
cartilage and smooth muscle
What type of tissue are the pleurae made of?
mesothelial
What types of cells line most of the respiratory tract? What about the other (lower) part?
epithelial; starts out columnar pseudostratified, becomes cuboidal; all ciliated
How many cervical vertebrae are there? What are the names for C1 and C2?
7; atlas (C1) and axis (C2)
How many thoracic vertebrae are there? What special feature do they have?
12; costal facets
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5
List the main parts of a vertebra.
Body, pedicle, lamina, vertebral foramen, transverse process, spinous process
What type of joint connects vertebrae? Describe the shape & tissue type.
Cartilaginous; disc-shaped, made of fibrous tissue
What are the parts of the sternum, from superior to inferior?
manubrium > body > xiphoid process
How many TOTAL ribs are there? How many pairs?
24 total; 12 pairs
Which ribs are the “true ribs”?
1-7
Which ribs are the “false ribs”? Why the name?
8-10; they all connect anteriorly (to the sternum) via one common costal cartilage
Which ribs are the “floating ribs”? Why the name?
11 & 12; they do not have any anterior connection
What type of joints connect the ribs to the VERTEBRAE?
arthrodial gliding
What type of joints connect the ribs to the STERNUM?
synovial
List the major bones and sub-bones of the pelvic girdle.
ilium, ischium, sacrum, coccyx, pubis, heads of femurs
Origin, insertion, and function of TRANSVERSE THORACIS
origin - posterior sternum
insertion - costal cartilages 2-6
function - lower ribs for EXPIRATION
Origin, insertion, and function of COSTAL ELEVATORS
origin - transverse processes of vertebrae
insertion - external surfaces of ribs below origin
function - elevate ribs for INSPIRATION
Origin, insertion, and function of SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR
origin - thoracic vertebrae
insertion - superior margin of upper ribs
function - elevate ribs for INSPIRATION
Origin, insertion, and function of SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR
origin - thoracic/lumbar vertebrae
insertion - lower ribs
function - depress ribs for EXPIRATION
