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NSCI: STS > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Started from the fall of Rome (500AD) to the start of the renaissance (1500AD).

A

Middle or Medieval Ages

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2
Q

Three parts of Middle or Medieval Ages:

A

Early, High, and Late

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3
Q

Year of Early Medieval Age

A

476 AD to 1000 AD

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4
Q

In the Late Middle Ages, the
introduction of gunpowder led to the development of early ______ and ________, reshaping the dynamics of
warfare.

A

guns, cannons

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5
Q

The Rise of Islam and the proceeding Islamic caliphates brought prosperity in the _______, As their religion allowed for more scientific discoveries.

A

Middle East

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6
Q

________ mostly revolved around the Greeks and their writings, more specifically Aristotle and Ptolemy.

A

Islamic Science

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7
Q

Which is not a notable contributions of Islamic Science:

a. Astronomy
b. Hospitals
c. Printing press

A

C. Printing press

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8
Q

_______ was more like the Muslims, where they focused more on the Greek writings in philosophy and theology. They also dabbled in advancing the
bureaucracy and formalize societal functions.

A

Indian Civilization

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9
Q

Notable Contributions of ______ Science are gunpowder, astronomy, silk.

A

Chinese

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10
Q

Notable contributions of _______ Science are metallurgy, zero, medicine.

A

Indian

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11
Q

The Renaissance: _______ to ________ Century

A

14th, 17th

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12
Q

Marked the emergence of modern science and
transformed society’ s view about nature. Science
was popularized to among the literate population.

A

Renaissance

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13
Q
  • During 1712 -19000
  • Characterized by great scientific and technological
    advancements.
A

Mid-Modern Period

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14
Q

The surging world population from the 19th century onwards necessitated increased production and faster transportation. To meet these demands, upgrades to machinery powered by animals were essential. Efficient communication and computation were also crucial for global trade. Consequently,
various industries emerged. However, massive industrialization brought about new and complex challenges in modern times.

A

Contemporary/
Modern Times

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15
Q

Who invented kerosene through petroleum refinement, initially using it as “illuminating oil” for lighting homes before its application for heating?

A

Samuel M. Kier

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16
Q

An affordable mode of Philippine public transport.

A

Jeepney

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17
Q

In ______, ___________ invented an incubator made of bamboo. It helped cure premature babies born in areas of the Philippines that then had no electricity.

A

1941, Dr. Fe del Mundo

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18
Q

Who invented the Erythromycin?

A

Dr. Abelardo Aguilar

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19
Q

Invented in the ______ by ________, banana ketchup is madefrom local saba bananas, sugar, vinegar, spices, and red coloring, it’s a popular item in Philippine stores.

A

1930s, Maria Orosa

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20
Q

He is an English naturalist whose scientific
theory of evolution by natural selection became
the foundation of modern evolutionary studies.

A

Charles Darwin

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21
Q

Two views on the origin of man:

A

Theistic View, Naturalist View

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22
Q

Naturalistic evolution, also known as the _____________

A

Theory of Evolution

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23
Q

is the perspective that evolution, as described by Charles Darwin and supported by scientific evidence, is a natural process that does not involve any supernatural intervention.

A

Naturalistic View

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24
Q

This view posits that evolution occurs without the
intervention of a divine being, and that all living organisms, including humans, are products of natural selection acting on genetic variations over vast periods of time.

A

Naturalistic view

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25
Q

Theistic evolution, sometimes called
____________________

A

Evolutionary Creationism

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26
Q

is the belief that evolution is the process by which
God or a higher power created life.

A

Theistic View

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27
Q

___________ view is the mainstream view accepted by the vast majority of the scientific community.

A

Naturalistic View

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28
Q

is a theory of the evolutionary mechanism propounded by Charles Darwin.

A

Darwinism

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29
Q

It explains organic change and denotes Darwin’s
specific view that evolution is driven mainly by
natural selection.

A

Darwinism

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30
Q

The primary mechanism driving evolution, according to Darwin, is _____________.

A

Natural Selection

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31
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Darwin’s concept of natural selection was based on several key observations.

MORE OFFSPRING ARE PRODUCED THAN CANNOT SURVIVE.

A

False

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32
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Darwin’s concept of natural selection was based on several key observations.

TRAITS ARE OFTEN HERITABLE

A

True

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33
Q

The rise of Freudian psychology occurred during the
late _______ and early __________ centuries

A

19th, 20th

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34
Q

an Austrian neurologist, introduced psychoanalysis, a revolutionary theory of the mind and therapy method that focused on the unconscious mind, childhood experiences, and the role of sexuality
in human behavior.

A

Sigmund Freud

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35
Q

is the father of psychoanalysis

A

Sigmund Freud

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36
Q

is the primitive, instinctual part of the psyche.

A

Id

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37
Q

It operates on the pleasure principle and seeks
immediate gratification of basic desires and needs, such as hunger, thirst, and sexual pleasure. It doesn’t consider social norms, consequences, or morality.

A

Id

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38
Q

It occupies the unconscious level of the mind.

A

Id

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39
Q

represents a person’s internalized moral and ethical
values, often influenced by societal and parental standards.

A

Super Ego

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40
Q

It acts as the conscience and strives for
perfection and moral correctness.

A

Super Ego

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41
Q

is the rational, conscious part of the psyche. It develops as a person interacts with the external world and learns to balance the id’s desires with the constraints of reality.

A

Ego

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42
Q

Ego is what Freud considered to be the “_____” balancing the demands of the id and superego in the practical context of reality.

A

self

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43
Q

Carl Jung founded ________________

A

Analytical Psychology

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44
Q

He believed that the human psyche is composed of various archetypes and that individuals inherit a
collective unconscious that contains universal
symbols and themes shared across cultures.

A

Carl Jung

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45
Q

He introduced concepts such as introversion and extraversion, the persona.

A

Carl Jung

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46
Q

The youngest daughter of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis.

A

Anna Freud

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47
Q

She made significant contributions to the field of child psychoanalysis her most notable contributions is her concept of defense mechanisms in children.

A

Anna Freud

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48
Q

the understanding of character structure,
proposing that emotional and psychological patterns become rigidly ingrained in the body as
“___________”

A

Character Armor

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49
Q

Nietzsche is best known for his critique of traditional morality, his exploration of the nature of existence, and his concept of _______.

A

Nihilism

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50
Q

was a German philosopher whose works
profoundly influenced modern philosophy, literature, psychology, and various intellectual movements.

A

Friedrich Nietzsche

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51
Q

Gestalt Theory pioneered by _____________, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kholer.

A

Max Wertheimer

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52
Q

_______________ emphasized the holistic nature of perception and cognition. It argued that the mind
perceives patterns and wholes rather than isolated elements.

A

Gestalt Theory

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53
Q

focused on observable behaviors rather than internal mental processes. It emphasized the role of
conditioning and reinforcement in shaping behavior.

A

Behavioral Theory/ behaviorism

54
Q

emphasized the inherent goodness and potential for growth in individuals. It focused on self-actualization, personal responsibility, and the importance of subjective experiences.

A

Humanistic theory/ humanistic psychology

55
Q

Humanistic Thoery was developed by ______________ and ____________

A

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

56
Q

focused on mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving.

A

Cognitive theory

57
Q

Freud’s method of analyzing dreams as a window into the unconscious mind has been both lauded and criticized.

A

Dream Interpretation

58
Q

Freud’s theory that children have unconscious sexual desires for the opposite-sex parent was met
with outrage and disbelief.

A

Oedipus Complex

59
Q

Freud’s assertion that women experience “__________” was criticized for being misogynistic and
oversimplifying female sexuality.

A

Penis Envy

60
Q

A major criticism of the Id, Ego, and Superego concept is the ______________ to support Freud’s
theory.

A

Lack of Empirical Evidence

61
Q

Orgastric Potency was developed by _________

A

Wilhelm Reich

62
Q

this was the idea that the ability of emotional release and to lose oneself to orgasm is the primary object of character analysis.

A

Orgastric Potency

63
Q

he critised the Christianity by saying the church has insists upon the statment of faith rather than the embodiment of the belief in action.

A

Freidrich Nietzsche

64
Q

Effects of Freud’s theories and beliefs in society today:

A

Psychoanalysis, The Unconscious, Childhood Influence, Literary Theory

65
Q

Freud developed the idea of the ______
as being the hidden motivation behind what we do.

A

Unconscious

66
Q

Freud’s most important contribution to
the field of psychology.

A

Psychoanalysis

67
Q

____________ is now part of many psychotherapeutic interventions designed to help people overcome psychological distress and behavioral problems.

A

Talk therapy

68
Q

Freud’s theories created an opportunity to understand fictional characters and even their authors based on what’s written or what a reader can interpret from the text on topics such as
dreams, sexuality, and personality.

A

Literary Theory

69
Q

Freud believed that _______________ impact
adulthood—specifically, traumatic experiences that
we have as children can manifest as mental health
issues when we’re adults.

A

Childhood experience/ Childhood influence

70
Q

is a mathematician, astronomer, a church
jurist with a doctorate in law, a physician,
translator, an artist, a catholic cleric, a
governor, a diplomat, and an economist.

A

Nicolas Copernicus

71
Q

A theory where it was believed that the earth was the center of the universe and that all celestial objects, including the sun revolved around it.

A

Geocentric Theory

72
Q

Theory that states that pattern of celestial movement made the most sense if these objects were not moving relative to the Earth, but to the sun. According to him, the Earth and all the other planets revolved around the sun,

A

Heliocentric Model

73
Q

When 1541 came, where Copernicus published his
mathematical calculations in a book called

A

In on the Revolutions of Heavenly Bodies

74
Q

He was the first person to point telescope to the heavens

A

Galileo Galilei

75
Q

He lays a foundation for modern physics as he enunciates his law of free fall, the parabolic path of projectiles,and other physical “DISCOVERIES”

A

Galileo Galilei

76
Q

“Philosophia naturalis principia mathematica” means

A

Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy

77
Q

What law of motion that states “ Whenever one object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts
an equal and opposite on the first”.

A

Law of Interaction

78
Q

Is made up of microscopic, extremely light particles called corpuscles, according to this hypothesis.

A

Light

79
Q

“De analysi per aequationes numero terminorum infinitas” means

A

On Analysis by Infinite
Series

80
Q

He develops techniques for approximating these areas using infinitesimal quantities, laying the groundwork for integral calculus.

A

Isaac Newton

81
Q

Is regarded as the greatest theoretical physicist of the 19th century.

A

Scotsman James Clerk Maxwell

82
Q

Is simply a form of electromagnetic radiation that the human eye can detect

A

Visible light

83
Q

He discovered that electric and magnetic fields travel
through space moving at the same speed of light as waves.

A

Scotsman James Clerk Maxwell

84
Q

are continuous, having no beginning or end. No magnetic
monopoles are known to exist.

A

Magnetic Field Lines

85
Q

originate on positive charges and terminate on negative
charges. The electric field is defined as the force per unit charge on a test charge, and the strength of the force is related to the electric constant ε0, also known as the permittivity of free space.

A

Electric Field Lines

86
Q

This fourth of Maxwell’s equations encompasses ________ law and adds another source of magnetism—changing electric fields.

A

Ampere’s

87
Q

four basic forces in nature:

A

Gravitational, electrical, strong, and weak nuclear forces

88
Q

The world’s first well-known scientific school was the ________________.

A

Ecole Polytechnique

89
Q

___________ investigates the plant genetics in the 1800s

A

Gregor Mendel

90
Q

In _______,______________ announced to the scientific community and the rest of the world that he had reached a milestone of biology — cloning a human embryonic
stem cell.

A

2004, Woo Suk Hwang

91
Q

_____________ amassed for scientific study a vast collection of animal and plant specimens from around the world.

A

Charles Darwin

92
Q

______________ tested a vaccine by exposing groups of vaccinated and unvaccinated sheep to anthrax bacteria.

A

Louis Pasteur

93
Q

Science had come a long way, to the point where some people thought there was nothing more to study except to
review what had already been studied in even more detail.

A

Modern Science

94
Q

Early inhabitants of the archipelago have their
own culture, traditions, belief systems, and indigenous knowledge system that kept them organized and sutain their lives and communities for many years

A

Pre-Colonial

95
Q

Challenged by “brain drain” and economic changes

A

Post Colonial

96
Q

Character used for writing that are common in tribes

A

Alibata

97
Q

What period this information belong:

Modern means of construction: Walls, roads, bridges, large
infrastructures

A

Colonial Period

98
Q

What period does the information belong:

Developed tools such Hunting, planting, cooking,
fishing and developed musical instruments.

A

Pre-Colonial Period

99
Q

What period does the information belong:

Money: Gold-made

A

Pre-Colonial period

100
Q

What period does the information belong:

Introduction of fast/instant and convenient food to the Philippines

A

Colonial Period

101
Q

What period does the information belong:

Improvements in Communication wireless telegraph & teleph

A

Colonial Period

102
Q

known before as “jitney” and now “jeepney”. It is cheap yet innovative and iconic symbol for the Philippines

A

Auto-calesas

103
Q

During Marcos and Martial Law it was challenged by “____________”

A

brain drain

104
Q

Doctors to the Barrio Program increased life expectancy from 67.5 to 69.1 years old

a. Marcos Administration
b. Ramos Administration
c. Estrada Administration

A

b. Ramos Administration

105
Q

rise of scientific, medical, and technological institutions

a. Marcos Administration
b. Ramos Administration
c. Estrada Administration

A

a. marcos administration

106
Q

“Golden Era” for Science and
Technology

a. Marcos Administration
b. Ramos Administration
c. Macapagal-Arroyo Administration

A

C. Macapagal-Arroyo Administration

107
Q

created by Onel De Guzman. Prompted the government
to enact laws (RA 8792 or the “Electronic Commerce Act”

A

Iloveyou Virus

108
Q

Filipinnovation

a. Marcos Administration
b. Ramos Administration
c. Macapagal-Arroyo Administration

A

c. Macapagal-Arroyo Administration

109
Q

PHil-LiDAR

a. Aquino Administration
b. Duterte Administration
c. Estrada Administration

A

a. Aquino Administration

110
Q

established by CHED to strengthen the STEM competitiveness of the country

A

Philippine- California Advanced Research Institure Project

111
Q

RA 9147 or “_____________________”

A

“Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act”

112
Q

OTHER LAWS AND POLICIES: INTERNATIONAL TREATIES

A

United Nations, United Nations Educational, Scientific,
and Cultural Organization, Association of Southeast Asian Nations

113
Q

Known internationally in the field of electrical engineering; officer of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

A

Jose Bejar Cruz Jr.

114
Q

Research on tilapia culture

A

RAFAEL DINEROS GUERRERRO III

115
Q

Outstanding research on tissue culture in Philippines Mangoes

A

RAMON CABANOS BARBA

116
Q

Research in the field of communications technology

A

GREGORY LIGOT TANGONAN

117
Q

Research on Herbal Medicine

A

FABIAN MILLAR DAYRIT

118
Q

technology-building and supporting basic research

A

RA 2067 or “Science Act of 1958”

119
Q

identified several capacity-building programs: Establishment of regional centers to support specific industries

A

PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

120
Q

identified several capacity-building programs: Manpower and institutional development programs, such as
the Engineering and Science Education Program to produce more PhD graduates in science and engineering

A

PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

121
Q

Existing programs supported by the Philippine Government: Provide funds for basic research and patents related to science and technology

A

DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (DOST)

122
Q

________ seek to show that theories fit the data; __________ seek to show logical proof of abstract connections; ____________ seek to demonstrate that designs work.

A

Scientist, mathematics, engineers

123
Q

Works on observing characteristics
of Antarctica by using satellite
images

A

JOSEFINO CASAS COMISO

124
Q

Research on Sea Snail Venom

A

LOURDES JANSUY CRUZ

125
Q

Invention of Meconium Drugs
Testing

A

ENRIQUE MAPUA OSTREA JR.

126
Q

Research on plant biotechnology

A

LILIAN FORMALEJO PATENA

127
Q

Outstanding educator and graph
theorist

A

MARI-JO PANGANIBAN RUIZ

128
Q

Physics

A

Caesar A. Saloma

129
Q

Chemistry

A

William Padolina

130
Q

Marine Science

A

Angel Alcala
Edgardo Gomez

NSCI: STS (2 decks)

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