Unit 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Started from the fall of Rome (500AD) to the start of the renaissance (1500AD).
A
Middle or Medieval Ages
2
Q
Three parts of Middle or Medieval Ages:
A
Early, High, and Late
3
Q
Year of Early Medieval Age
A
476 AD to 1000 AD
4
Q
In the Late Middle Ages, the
introduction of gunpowder led to the development of early ______ and ________, reshaping the dynamics of
warfare.
A
guns, cannons
5
Q
The Rise of Islam and the proceeding Islamic caliphates brought prosperity in the _______, As their religion allowed for more scientific discoveries.
A
Middle East
6
Q
________ mostly revolved around the Greeks and their writings, more specifically Aristotle and Ptolemy.
A
Islamic Science
7
Q
Which is not a notable contributions of Islamic Science:
a. Astronomy
b. Hospitals
c. Printing press
A
C. Printing press
8
Q
_______ was more like the Muslims, where they focused more on the Greek writings in philosophy and theology. They also dabbled in advancing the
bureaucracy and formalize societal functions.
A
Indian Civilization
9
Q
Notable Contributions of ______ Science are gunpowder, astronomy, silk.
A
Chinese
10
Q
Notable contributions of _______ Science are metallurgy, zero, medicine.
A
Indian
11
Q
The Renaissance: _______ to ________ Century
A
14th, 17th
12
Q
Marked the emergence of modern science and
transformed society’ s view about nature. Science
was popularized to among the literate population.
A
Renaissance
13
Q
- During 1712 -19000
- Characterized by great scientific and technological
advancements.
A
Mid-Modern Period
14
Q
The surging world population from the 19th century onwards necessitated increased production and faster transportation. To meet these demands, upgrades to machinery powered by animals were essential. Efficient communication and computation were also crucial for global trade. Consequently,
various industries emerged. However, massive industrialization brought about new and complex challenges in modern times.
A
Contemporary/
Modern Times
15
Q
Who invented kerosene through petroleum refinement, initially using it as “illuminating oil” for lighting homes before its application for heating?
A
Samuel M. Kier
16
Q
An affordable mode of Philippine public transport.
A
Jeepney
17
Q
In ______, ___________ invented an incubator made of bamboo. It helped cure premature babies born in areas of the Philippines that then had no electricity.
A
1941, Dr. Fe del Mundo
18
Q
Who invented the Erythromycin?
A
Dr. Abelardo Aguilar
19
Q
Invented in the ______ by ________, banana ketchup is madefrom local saba bananas, sugar, vinegar, spices, and red coloring, it’s a popular item in Philippine stores.
A
1930s, Maria Orosa
20
Q
He is an English naturalist whose scientific
theory of evolution by natural selection became
the foundation of modern evolutionary studies.
A
Charles Darwin
21
Q
Two views on the origin of man:
A
Theistic View, Naturalist View
22
Q
Naturalistic evolution, also known as the _____________
A
Theory of Evolution
23
Q
is the perspective that evolution, as described by Charles Darwin and supported by scientific evidence, is a natural process that does not involve any supernatural intervention.
A
Naturalistic View
24
Q
This view posits that evolution occurs without the
intervention of a divine being, and that all living organisms, including humans, are products of natural selection acting on genetic variations over vast periods of time.
A
Naturalistic view
25
Theistic evolution, sometimes called
____________________
Evolutionary Creationism
26
is the belief that evolution is the process by which
God or a higher power created life.
Theistic View
27
___________ view is the mainstream view accepted by the vast majority of the scientific community.
Naturalistic View
28
is a theory of the evolutionary mechanism propounded by Charles Darwin.
Darwinism
29
It explains organic change and denotes Darwin’s
specific view that evolution is driven mainly by
natural selection.
Darwinism
30
The primary mechanism driving evolution, according to Darwin, is _____________.
Natural Selection
31
TRUE OR FALSE: Darwin's concept of natural selection was based on several key observations.
MORE OFFSPRING ARE PRODUCED THAN CANNOT SURVIVE.
False
32
TRUE OR FALSE: Darwin's concept of natural selection was based on several key observations.
TRAITS ARE OFTEN HERITABLE
True
33
The rise of Freudian psychology occurred during the
late _______ and early __________ centuries
19th, 20th
34
an Austrian neurologist, introduced psychoanalysis, a revolutionary theory of the mind and therapy method that focused on the unconscious mind, childhood experiences, and the role of sexuality
in human behavior.
Sigmund Freud
35
is the father of psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
36
is the primitive, instinctual part of the psyche.
Id
37
It operates on the pleasure principle and seeks
immediate gratification of basic desires and needs, such as hunger, thirst, and sexual pleasure. It doesn’t consider social norms, consequences, or morality.
Id
38
It occupies the unconscious level of the mind.
Id
39
represents a person's internalized moral and ethical
values, often influenced by societal and parental standards.
Super Ego
40
It acts as the conscience and strives for
perfection and moral correctness.
Super Ego
41
is the rational, conscious part of the psyche. It develops as a person interacts with the external world and learns to balance the id's desires with the constraints of reality.
Ego
42
Ego is what Freud considered to be the “_____” balancing the demands of the id and superego in the practical context of reality.
self
43
Carl Jung founded ________________
Analytical Psychology
44
He believed that the human psyche is composed of various archetypes and that individuals inherit a
collective unconscious that contains universal
symbols and themes shared across cultures.
Carl Jung
45
He introduced concepts such as introversion and extraversion, the persona.
Carl Jung
46
The youngest daughter of Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis.
Anna Freud
47
She made significant contributions to the field of child psychoanalysis her most notable contributions is her concept of defense mechanisms in children.
Anna Freud
48
the understanding of character structure,
proposing that emotional and psychological patterns become rigidly ingrained in the body as
"___________”
Character Armor
49
Nietzsche is best known for his critique of traditional morality, his exploration of the nature of existence, and his concept of _______.
Nihilism
50
was a German philosopher whose works
profoundly influenced modern philosophy, literature, psychology, and various intellectual movements.
Friedrich Nietzsche
51
Gestalt Theory pioneered by _____________, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kholer.
Max Wertheimer
52
_______________ emphasized the holistic nature of perception and cognition. It argued that the mind
perceives patterns and wholes rather than isolated elements.
Gestalt Theory
53
focused on observable behaviors rather than internal mental processes. It emphasized the role of
conditioning and reinforcement in shaping behavior.
Behavioral Theory/ behaviorism
54
emphasized the inherent goodness and potential for growth in individuals. It focused on self-actualization, personal responsibility, and the importance of subjective experiences.
Humanistic theory/ humanistic psychology
55
Humanistic Thoery was developed by ______________ and ____________
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
56
focused on mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving.
Cognitive theory
57
Freud's method of analyzing dreams as a window into the unconscious mind has been both lauded and criticized.
Dream Interpretation
58
Freud's theory that children have unconscious sexual desires for the opposite-sex parent was met
with outrage and disbelief.
Oedipus Complex
59
Freud's assertion that women experience "__________" was criticized for being misogynistic and
oversimplifying female sexuality.
Penis Envy
60
A major criticism of the Id, Ego, and Superego concept is the ______________ to support Freud’s
theory.
Lack of Empirical Evidence
61
Orgastric Potency was developed by _________
Wilhelm Reich
62
this was the idea that the ability of emotional release and to lose oneself to orgasm is the primary object of character analysis.
Orgastric Potency
63
he critised the Christianity by saying the church has insists upon the statment of faith rather than the embodiment of the belief in action.
Freidrich Nietzsche
64
Effects of Freud’s theories and beliefs in society today:
Psychoanalysis, The Unconscious, Childhood Influence, Literary Theory
65
Freud developed the idea of the ______
as being the hidden motivation behind what we do.
Unconscious
66
Freud's most important contribution to
the field of psychology.
Psychoanalysis
67
____________ is now part of many psychotherapeutic interventions designed to help people overcome psychological distress and behavioral problems.
Talk therapy
68
Freud's theories created an opportunity to understand fictional characters and even their authors based on what's written or what a reader can interpret from the text on topics such as
dreams, sexuality, and personality.
Literary Theory
69
Freud believed that _______________ impact
adulthood—specifically, traumatic experiences that
we have as children can manifest as mental health
issues when we're adults.
Childhood experience/ Childhood influence
70
is a mathematician, astronomer, a church
jurist with a doctorate in law, a physician,
translator, an artist, a catholic cleric, a
governor, a diplomat, and an economist.
Nicolas Copernicus
71
A theory where it was believed that the earth was the center of the universe and that all celestial objects, including the sun revolved around it.
Geocentric Theory
72
Theory that states that pattern of celestial movement made the most sense if these objects were not moving relative to the Earth, but to the sun. According to him, the Earth and all the other planets revolved around the sun,
Heliocentric Model
73
When 1541 came, where Copernicus published his
mathematical calculations in a book called
In on the Revolutions of Heavenly Bodies
74
He was the first person to point telescope to the heavens
Galileo Galilei
75
He lays a foundation for modern physics as he enunciates his law of free fall, the parabolic path of projectiles,and other physical “DISCOVERIES”
Galileo Galilei
76
“Philosophia naturalis principia mathematica” means
Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy
77
What law of motion that states “ Whenever one object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts
an equal and opposite on the first”.
Law of Interaction
78
Is made up of microscopic, extremely light particles called corpuscles, according to this hypothesis.
Light
79
“De analysi per aequationes numero terminorum infinitas” means
On Analysis by Infinite
Series
80
He develops techniques for approximating these areas using infinitesimal quantities, laying the groundwork for integral calculus.
Isaac Newton
81
Is regarded as the greatest theoretical physicist of the 19th century.
Scotsman James Clerk Maxwell
82
Is simply a form of electromagnetic radiation that the human eye can detect
Visible light
83
He discovered that electric and magnetic fields travel
through space moving at the same speed of light as waves.
Scotsman James Clerk Maxwell
84
are continuous, having no beginning or end. No magnetic
monopoles are known to exist.
Magnetic Field Lines
85
originate on positive charges and terminate on negative
charges. The electric field is defined as the force per unit charge on a test charge, and the strength of the force is related to the electric constant ε0, also known as the permittivity of free space.
Electric Field Lines
86
This fourth of Maxwell’s equations encompasses ________ law and adds another source of magnetism—changing electric fields.
Ampere’s
87
four basic forces in nature:
Gravitational, electrical, strong, and weak nuclear forces
88
The world’s first well-known scientific school was the ________________.
Ecole Polytechnique
89
___________ investigates the plant genetics in the 1800s
Gregor Mendel
90
In _______,______________ announced to the scientific community and the rest of the world that he had reached a milestone of biology — cloning a human embryonic
stem cell.
2004, Woo Suk Hwang
91
_____________ amassed for scientific study a vast collection of animal and plant specimens from around the world.
Charles Darwin
92
______________ tested a vaccine by exposing groups of vaccinated and unvaccinated sheep to anthrax bacteria.
Louis Pasteur
93
Science had come a long way, to the point where some people thought there was nothing more to study except to
review what had already been studied in even more detail.
Modern Science
94
Early inhabitants of the archipelago have their
own culture, traditions, belief systems, and indigenous knowledge system that kept them organized and sutain their lives and communities for many years
Pre-Colonial
95
Challenged by “brain drain” and economic changes
Post Colonial
96
Character used for writing that are common in tribes
Alibata
97
What period this information belong:
Modern means of construction: Walls, roads, bridges, large
infrastructures
Colonial Period
98
What period does the information belong:
Developed tools such Hunting, planting, cooking,
fishing and developed musical instruments.
Pre-Colonial Period
99
What period does the information belong:
Money: Gold-made
Pre-Colonial period
100
What period does the information belong:
Introduction of fast/instant and convenient food to the Philippines
Colonial Period
101
What period does the information belong:
Improvements in Communication wireless telegraph & teleph
Colonial Period
102
known before as “jitney” and now “jeepney”. It is cheap yet innovative and iconic symbol for the Philippines
Auto-calesas
103
During Marcos and Martial Law it was challenged by “____________”
brain drain
104
Doctors to the Barrio Program increased life expectancy from 67.5 to 69.1 years old
a. Marcos Administration
b. Ramos Administration
c. Estrada Administration
b. Ramos Administration
105
rise of scientific, medical, and technological institutions
a. Marcos Administration
b. Ramos Administration
c. Estrada Administration
a. marcos administration
106
“Golden Era” for Science and
Technology
a. Marcos Administration
b. Ramos Administration
c. Macapagal-Arroyo Administration
C. Macapagal-Arroyo Administration
107
created by Onel De Guzman. Prompted the government
to enact laws (RA 8792 or the “Electronic Commerce Act”
Iloveyou Virus
108
Filipinnovation
a. Marcos Administration
b. Ramos Administration
c. Macapagal-Arroyo Administration
c. Macapagal-Arroyo Administration
109
PHil-LiDAR
a. Aquino Administration
b. Duterte Administration
c. Estrada Administration
a. Aquino Administration
110
established by CHED to strengthen the STEM competitiveness of the country
Philippine- California Advanced Research Institure Project
111
RA 9147 or “_____________________”
“Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act”
112
OTHER LAWS AND POLICIES: INTERNATIONAL TREATIES
United Nations, United Nations Educational, Scientific,
and Cultural Organization, Association of Southeast Asian Nations
113
Known internationally in the field of electrical engineering; officer of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Jose Bejar Cruz Jr.
114
Research on tilapia culture
RAFAEL DINEROS GUERRERRO III
115
Outstanding research on tissue culture in Philippines Mangoes
RAMON CABANOS BARBA
116
Research in the field of communications technology
GREGORY LIGOT TANGONAN
117
Research on Herbal Medicine
FABIAN MILLAR DAYRIT
118
technology-building and supporting basic research
RA 2067 or “Science Act of 1958”
119
identified several capacity-building programs: Establishment of regional centers to support specific industries
PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
120
identified several capacity-building programs: Manpower and institutional development programs, such as
the Engineering and Science Education Program to produce more PhD graduates in science and engineering
PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
121
Existing programs supported by the Philippine Government: Provide funds for basic research and patents related to science and technology
DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (DOST)
122
________ seek to show that theories fit the data; __________ seek to show logical proof of abstract connections; ____________ seek to demonstrate that designs work.
Scientist, mathematics, engineers
123
Works on observing characteristics
of Antarctica by using satellite
images
JOSEFINO CASAS COMISO
124
Research on Sea Snail Venom
LOURDES JANSUY CRUZ
125
Invention of Meconium Drugs
Testing
ENRIQUE MAPUA OSTREA JR.
126
Research on plant biotechnology
LILIAN FORMALEJO PATENA
127
Outstanding educator and graph
theorist
MARI-JO PANGANIBAN RUIZ
128
Physics
Caesar A. Saloma
129
Chemistry
William Padolina
130
Marine Science
Angel Alcala
Edgardo Gomez
