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unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

The _____ is often called the rebirth of the science of medicine.

A

Renaissance

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2
Q

________ care is _____ expensive than in-patient hospital care.

A

Home Health, less

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3
Q

______ is one example of cost-containment.

A

Energy conservation

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4
Q

______ medicine coincides with conventional while ______ is used in place of conventional.

A

Complementary , Alternative

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5
Q
  1. Early ______ and _______ services are less cost effective than treating the illness once it has occurred.
A

intervention, intervention

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6
Q
  1. _______ therapies are methods of treatment used in place of biomedical therapies.
A

Alternative

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7
Q
  1. _______ care will experience rapid growth in the future.
A

Health

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8
Q
  1. Preventing illness is ____________ than treating illness.
A

more cost effective

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9
Q
  1. ________ (cutting apart the body) was used by ________to learn about the body. (time period)
A

Dissection, Claudius Galen

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10
Q
  1. Establishes and enforces rules to protect workers from job-related injuries and illnesses.
A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

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11
Q
  1. Deals strictly with health problems in the United States.
A

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

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12
Q
  1. Compiles statistics and information on diseases and investigates problems throughout the world.
A

World Health Organization (WHO)

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13
Q
  1. Concerned with causes, spread and control of disease in a population.
A

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

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14
Q
  1. Regulates food and drug products sold to the public.
A

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

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15
Q
  1. The agency that could provide the information about the number of individuals killed with the latest outbreak of Malaria in Africa and which countries require certain immunizations for traveling.
A

World Health Organization (WHO)

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16
Q
  1. The agency that houses viruses that have been nearly eradicated in order to keep possible future outbreaks under control if bioterrorism occurred.
A

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

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17
Q
  1. The agency that would govern the investigation of an e-coli breakout at an ice-cream factory.
A

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

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18
Q
  1. Provide total health care directed toward preventative health care.
A

Industrial or Occupational Health Clinics

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19
Q
  1. Provide guidance, counseling and chemical abuse treatment centers
A

Mental Health

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20
Q
  1. Provide care for individuals with physical or mental handicaps to allow maximum self-care and function.
A

Long Term Care Facilities - skilled care facilities

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21
Q
  1. Provide a variety of services in patient’s home
A

Long Term Care Facilities - residential care facilities

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22
Q
  1. Provide care for terminally ill persons
A

Hospice

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23
Q
  1. Provide care for accidents or sudden illness
A

Urgent Clinic, Hospital

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24
Q
  1. Located in large companies or industries
A

Medical Office

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25
Q
  1. Provide care for the teeth and dental diseases
A

Dental Office

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26
Q
  1. Performs special diagnostic tests
A

Laboratories

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27
Q
  1. Provide assistance and care for elderly or disabled patients
A

Long Term Care Facilities - assisted living facilities

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28
Q
  1. Some herbs and plants used as medicines in ________ times are still used today.
A

Ancient Greek

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29
Q
  1. _______ developed an organized method to observe the body and recorded _____ and ______ of diseases.
A

Hippocrates, signs and symptoms

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30
Q
  1. The most rapid advances in health care occurred during the _________
A

20th century

31
Q
  1. A pandemic of the bubonic plague killed three-fourths of the population of ______ and _____ in the ________.
A

Europe and Asia, middle ages

32
Q
  1. _______ and ______ used dissection in order to draw the human body more realistically.
A

Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci

33
Q
  1. Telemedicine uses _____, _____ and ______ systems to provide medical and/or health care services.
A

video, audio, computer

34
Q
  1. The first heart transplant in humans was performed in the __________
A

20th century (1968).

35
Q
  1. The Father of Medicine is _________.
A

Hippocrates

36
Q
  1. The polio vaccine was developed in 1952 by _______
A

Jonas Salk

37
Q
  1. The first “test tube” baby was born in England in the _________
A

20th century (1978).

38
Q
  1. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was identified as a disease in the __________
A

20th century (1981).

39
Q
  1. The professional education of nurses was started by _________
A

Florence Nightingale.

40
Q
  1. Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by _________
A

Sir Alexander Fleming.

41
Q
  1. A vaccination for smallpox was developed in 1796 by ________
A

Edward Jenner

42
Q
  1. Disinfectants and antiseptics were first used to prevent infection during surgery by ______
A

Joseph Lister (1865).

43
Q
  1. The founder of the American Red Cross in 1881 was _______
A

Clara Barton.

44
Q
  1. Public health and sanitation systems were first developed by the ________
A

Ancient Romans.

45
Q
  1. _________ is a federal government program specifically for individuals over the age of 65, for those who have been disabled for at least 2 years or those with end stage renal disease.
A

Medicare

46
Q
  1. In order to keep costs at a minimum, some employers offer _______________ which work by preventing diseases through early detection with routine exams.
A

Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)

47
Q
  1. Some large companies may use ____________ where a contract is formed with certain health agencies to provide health care at reduced rates to the employees.
A

Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)

48
Q
  1. _______ is a type of governmental assistance program that provides for health care of individuals with low income, children who may qualify or those who are physically disabled or blind.
A

Medicaid

49
Q
  1. A patient may have met the required amount and insurance will begin to cover, but they will only cover a specific percentage of the expense such as an 80/20. This is known as ________
A

Co Insurance

50
Q
  1. Before leaving the health care facility a patient is usually responsible for a specific amount of money known as a _______________ for whatever services they received, regardless of the total cost and/or insurance coverage.
A

Co Payment

51
Q
  1. If injured on the job, _______ insurance will cover for treatment as well as reimburse for lost wages of the employee.
A

Workers Compensation

52
Q
  1. ________ is the amount of money taken out of each paycheck of the individual in order to pay for insurance coverage.
A

Premium

53
Q
  1. Before insurance begins to cover a patient, the _________ must be paid for first, then the insurance will begin to pay.
A

Deductibles

54
Q

_______________ is the controlling of rising costs and trying to use the best benefits with the spendings made.

A

Cost containment

55
Q

3 methods of cost containment

A

Diagnostic Related Groups, Energy Conservation, and Early intervention and preventative services

56
Q

Hospitals

A

major type of health care facility
classified as private, religious, nonprofit and government
Types:
General
Specialty
Government
University medical centers

57
Q

Long Term Care Facilities

A

Residential, Skilled, Independent or Assisted living facilities

58
Q

Hospice

A

offers palliative care: care that provides support and comfort that is directed toward allowing the person to die with dignity

59
Q

Clinics

A

Surgicial, Urgent, Rehabiliation, specialty, Outpatient, Health Department, Medical Centers

60
Q

Primitive Times: 4000BC-3000BC

A

Life span: 20 years
Common belief: disease and illness were punishment from evil spirits and demons
Religious rites and ceremonies
Religions did not allow dissecting of the human body.

61
Q

Ancient Egyptians: 3000BC-300BC

A

Life span: 20 to 30 years
Common belief: body was a system of channels.
“Clogged channels” are “opened” by bloodletting or leeches.
Priests =physicians, called upon gods to heal
1st to record and maintain health records.

62
Q

Ancient Chinese: 1700BC-220AD

A

Life span: 20 to 30 years
Common belief: holistic treatment-“mind, body, soul”
Acupuncture
First pharmacopoeia
Searched for medical reasons for illness

63
Q

Ancient Greeks: 1200-200BC

A

ife span: 25 to 35 years
Observation of cause and effect of disease
Hippocrates- “Father of Medicine”
Recorded signs and symptoms of diseases
Stressed importance of observation, diagnosis, treatment
Standard of Ethics-Hippocratic Oath
Aristotle
Believed illness was the result of natural causes
Therapies: massage, art, herbal treatment

64
Q

Ancient Romans: 753-410AD

A

Life span: 25 to 35 years
First organized medical care by providing care to wounded soldiers
Early hospitals-physicians cared for ill in homes
Public health/sanitation system:
aqueducts for clean water
Sewers for waste
Claudius Galen-physician

65
Q

Dark Ages: 400-800AD

A

Life span: 20 to 30 years
Study of medicine prohibited, emphasis placed on saving the souls
Monks and priests provided care to the sick
epidemics became rampant

66
Q

Middle Ages: 800-1400AD

A

Life span: 20 to 35 years
Renewed interest in medicine
Medical universities increased numbers of educated physicians
Arab physicians increased knowledge of chemistries that advanced pharmacology
Arabs required physicians to pass exams and obtain licenses.
Uncontrolled diseases: Smallpox, Diptheria, Tuberculosis, typhoid, malaria

67
Q

Renaissance: 1350-1650 AD

A

Life span: 30 to 40 years
Rebirth of “science” of medicine
Dissection of the human body allowed greater understanding of anatomy and physiology
The Printing Press allowed a greater spread of knowledge
Andreas Vesalius: first anatomy book

68
Q

16th and 17th Centuries

A

Life span:35 to 45 years
Ambroise Pare - French surgeon and known as the Father of Modern Surgery
William Harvey - blood circulation
Anton van Leeuwenhoek - microscope
Apothecaries prescribed and sold medications

69
Q

18th century

A

Life span: 40 to 50 years
Gabriel Fahrenheit -created first thermometer (1714)
Joseph Priestley - discovered the element Oxygen (1774)
Jesse Bennet - first successful Cesarean section
Edward Jenner -developed vaccine for smallpox (1796)

70
Q

19th Century

A

Life span: 40 to 60 years
French barbers acted as surgeons
Ignaz Semmelweis: encouraged hand washing
Florence Nightingale: “founder of modern nursing”
Rene Laennec: stethoscope (1816)
1st blood transfusion (1818)
Joseph Lister: disinfectants to prevent infection (1865)
Clara Barton: founded American Red Cross (1881)
Wilhelm Roentgen: xrays (1895)
Louis Pasteur: pasteurized milk to kill bacteria

71
Q

20th Century

A

Life span: 60 to 70 years
Marie Curie: isolated radium-x-rays (1910)
Sir Alexander Fleming » penicillin (1928)
Jonas Salk » polio vaccine (1952)
Francis Crick and James Watson: structure of DNA (1953)
Birth control pills approved by FDA (1960)
1st successful heart transplant (1968)
CAT scan introduced (1975)
First “test tube” baby born (1978)
AIDS discovered (1981), HIV (1984)
Gene therapy initiated (1990)
“Dolly” the sheep cloned (1997)

72
Q

21st Century

A

Life span = 90 to 100 + years
Cure for AIDS, cancer, heart disease
Genetic manipulation to prevent disease
Transplants of every organ in body
Nerves in brain and spine regenerated to eliminate paralysis
slow/stop aging process

73
Q
A

health science (2 decks)

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