unit 1 Flashcards
-6 classes of microorganism
The six classes are bacteria, protozoa, fungi, rickettsiae, helminths, and viruses.
-Pathogenic/Nonpathogenic or both?
All of these microorganisms can either be pathogenic or nonpathogenic.
Pathogenic means that it contains infection and can pass disease.
Nonpathogenic means that it’s natural and part of the body, even beneficial.
It is possible for a microorganism to be pathogenic in one body system but then nonpathogenic in the other.
-4 Environmental must-haves of microorganisms
For a microorganism to survive, they must have a warm, dark, full of food, and moisturized environment.
-4 types of infection
Endogenous, which is an infection that comes from inside of the body.
Exogenous, which is an infection that comes from outside of the body.
Nosocomial is an infection given to an individual when they are hospitalized, usually pneumonia while laying in the health care bed.
Opportunistic are infections that take chance when the body is weak, the immune system is already struggling or bad.
-Chain of Infection (6 links, give definition/example)
Causative agent, a pathogen that causes the bacteria, which is mainly a virus or bacteria or parasite.
Reservoir, an environment where the causative agent already exists. Usually the human body or even an animal.
Portal of exit, a place for the causative agent to exit the reservoir, an opening in the body: Mouth, eyes, ears, open wounds.
Mode of transmission, how the causative agent moves to another host from the reservoir. There are two types, direct, which is contact between person and person. Or indirect, which is from air, food, soil, insects, feces, clothing, or even equipment.
Portal of entry, how the causative agent enters the new host, through an opening of the body: Mouth, eyes, ears, open wounds.
Susceptible host, a person most likely to get the disease because their body and immune system is weak.
-Sources of infection in healthcare
Exposure to any body fluid can cause infection such as, blood, urine, stool semen, cerebrospinal fluids, saliva, and mucus. All of these can be found in the health care facilities.
-diseases of concern in healthcare
Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and AIDS are all possible that can be transmitted to people in healthcare.
-ways to protect yourself from the diseases in healthcare
Using correct body mechanics, and wearing the right uniform needed.
When walking in the clinical lab, keep to the right and avoid any intersections or possible collisions.
Report any injury or accident to the supervisor, and any unsafe behaviors.
Keep clean areas, and wash hands frequently.
Don’t let hands get into eyes, face, mouth, hair whenever doing a task, wear proper PPE.
-Rules and guidelines (notes) (5) for healthcare
Always wear gloves, wash hands before and after using gloves, use gowns when splashing or spraying as well as masks and goggles.
Needles should be needleless that retract to prevent accidents, do not bend these used needles or leave them uncapped.
Clean up any spills and messes made immediately, resuscitation devices should be used instead of mouth to mouth CPR, (bag valve mask BVM).
Waste should be disposed in the proper bins and use gloves to remove
Injuries should be reported immediately.
-Rules for workplace safety (5)
Do not use something without being instructed to do so, follow and read all instructions for major pieces of equipment.
Report any damaged or malfunctioning equipment, check to see if burned outlets or damaged.
Never handle electrical equipment with water, and store items in the proper location always.
Read the MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets) whenever using a chemical substance, never use an unlabeled chemical, read the label 3 times.
-benefits of safe behaviors (research)
It keeps the facility clean and organized, moving in an orderly fashion. It will keep you and everyone else safe and even prepared for any accident that could occur. It improves the trust others have in you and in the facility. As well as helps to reduce any cost for patient harm.
-What are proper body mechanics?
Moving your body in the proper way that helps to complete tasks more efficiently and effectively. Making use of the strongest parts of your body and using body weight to lift, pull, and push. It helps us to move better.
-Why should we use body mechanics?
We use it because it helps to use our muscles correctly and complete tasks efficiently.
It makes pulling, pushing, and lifting easier.
Prevents strain and fatigue, and prevents loss of energy faster.
Prevents injury to your body and to others as well.
-Rules of body mechanics
Maintain a broad base of support, feet 8-10 inches apart from each other, have toes in the direction you’re facing and balance on your feet.
Always bend from the hips and knees, don’t bend from the waist. Keep your body straight, no twisting body.
Use the strongest muscles in your body to move and lift the shoulders, upper arms, hips and thighs.
Use the weight of your body to help move objects close to your body, try to pull, push, slide instead of lifting.
Try not to lift for a long period of time, if possible get help for heavier things.
-Classes of Fire Extinguishers
Class A - combustibles
Class B - flammable liquids
Class C - electrical fires
Class D - combustible metals
Class K - cooking oils and appliances
