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Comparative Government > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Legislative branch

A

Make the law

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2
Q

Executive branch

A

Enforce the law

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3
Q

Judicial branch

A

Interpret the law

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4
Q

Parliamentary system process

A

Voters vote for the ministers of parliament (MPs) and the majority party picks their prime minister. The PM then names their cabinet.
The PM and government are all part of the ministers of parliament.

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5
Q

Presidential system process

A

Voters vote for the members of legislature AND the president. The president can not be apart of the legislative branch. (Have to resign that position to become) President names their cabinet and the legislature approves.

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6
Q

Definition of parliamentary system

A

Combines the lawmaking and executive functions which allows the national legislature to select and remove the head of government and the cabinet.

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7
Q

Definition of presidential system

A

Voters select the president and the legislature in separate popular elections.

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8
Q

Semi-presidential system process

A

Voters vote for the ministers of parliament and the president in separate elections. The president appoints the prime minister and checked by the legislature. President and cabinet NOT apart of legislature.

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9
Q

Legislative checks on the Executive

A
  • Confirmation of presidential appointments to cabinet.
  • Override veto (by supermajority vote)
  • Legislative oversight (Budget approval and committee hearings)
  • Impeachment (by supermajority vote)
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10
Q

Impeachment process

A
  1. Lower house impeach
  2. Upper house remove
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11
Q

Executive functions

A
  • Manage policy agenda
  • Propose laws and budgets
  • Manage bureaucracy
  • Write regulations
  • Administer programs
  • Maintain law and order
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12
Q

Head of State

A

Ceremonial leader that represents the state.

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13
Q

Head of government

A

Legislative leader and formulates policy.

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14
Q

China HOS / HOG

A

President, Premier

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15
Q

Iran HOS / HOG

A

SL, President

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16
Q

Mexico HOS / HOG

A

President, President

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17
Q

Nigeria HOS / HOG

A

President, President

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18
Q

Russia HOS / HOG

A

President, PM

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19
Q

UK HOS / HOG

A

Monarch, PM

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20
Q

Area of responsibiliy of HOS/HOG in Mexico and Nigeria

A

As HOS
- Ceremonal leader
- Commander in Chief
- Foreign policy leader

As HOG
- Appoints the Cabinet to oversee bureaucracy and civil service
- Proposes/approves domestic legislation

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21
Q

Mexican President and Nigerian President differences

A

Mexico: Serves 1 six-year term
Nigeria: Federal character principle requires the President to appoint 1 cabinet member from each state.

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22
Q

Area of responsibility of HOS of Russia

A
  • Ceremonial Leader
  • Commander in Chief
  • Foreign policy leader
  • Appoints top ministers (Defense and Security, Foreign Affairs, Internal Affairs)
  • Signs/vetoes legislation
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23
Q

Area of responsibility of HOG of Russia

A
  • Appoints the cabinet to oversee bureaucracy and civil service
  • Proposes domestic legislation
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24
Q

Area of responsibility of HOS of UK

A
  • Ceremonial Leader
  • Formally names PM
  • Signs bill into law
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25
Q

Area of responsibility of HOG of UK

A
  • Appoints the cabinet to oversee bureaucracy and civil service
  • De facto commander in chief
  • Makes foreign policy
  • Develops domestic policies
  • Calls elections
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26
Q

How are the President and Premier of China selected?

A
  • Selected as general secretary of the CCP and chairman of the central military commission
  • Appointed as President by the NPC
  • President nominates the premier who is confirmed by the NPC
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27
Q

How are the SL and President of Iran chosen?

A
  • There have only been 2 SL as selected by the Assembly of experts
  • Presidents of Iran are directly elected
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28
Q

Assembly of Experts

A
  • Selects/removes SL
  • Chosen by the Guardian council/vetted by
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29
Q

Area of responsibility of HOS of China

A
  • Ceremonial Leader
  • Commander in Chief
  • Foreign policy leader
  • Nominates Premier
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30
Q

Area of responsibility of HOG of China

A
  • Appoints the cabinet to oversee bureaucracy and civil service
  • Proposes domestic legislation
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31
Q

Area of responsibility of HOS of Iran

A
  • Commander in Chief
  • Appoits 1/2 of Guardian Council, Chief Justice, Expediency Council, Revolutionary Guards, Friday Prayer Leaders, Head of the Media, Bonyad Leaders.
32
Q

Area of responsibility of HOG of Iran

A
  • Appoints the cabinet to oversee bureaucracy and civil service
  • Proposes domestic legislation
  • Conducts foreign policy
33
Q

What is the purpose of executive term limits?

A

Limits executive authority

34
Q

Term limits HOS/HOG AP6

A

China:
President: none
Premier: 2 five-year terms

Iran
SL: none
President: 2 four-year terms

Mexico:
President 1 six-year term

Nigeria:
President: 2 four-year terms

Russia:
President: 2 six-year terms
PM: none

UK:
Monarch: none
PM: none (5 year elections)

35
Q

Advantages of executive term limits

A
  • Check executive power, prevents dictators and personality rule
  • Helps to focus the officeholder on governing rather than winning elections
  • Provides opportunities for new leaders with new ideas, policies, or goals.
36
Q

Disadvantages of executive term limits

A
  • Forces good executives to leave office
  • Allows insufficient time for an officeholder to achieve goals
  • Impedes policy continuity
  • Weakens accounatbility
  • Creates a lame-duck period for the officeholder
37
Q

Removal of executive by legislature

A

Parliamentary system: Vote of no confidence (majority)
Party Leadership MP vote

Presidential system:
Impeachment (supermajority)

38
Q

Removal process of executive China

A

NPC removes

39
Q

Removal process of executive Iran

A

SL: Assembly of Experts removes
President: Majles impeach/SL

40
Q

Removal process of executive Mexico

A

2/3 Congress impeach

41
Q

Removal process of executive Nigeria

A

2/3 congress impeach

42
Q

Removal process of executive Russia

A

President: 2/3 federal assembly impeach
PM: Vote of no confidence in Duma

43
Q

Removal process of executive UK

A

PM: Vote of no confidence in HOC
MP Leadership vote in HOC

44
Q

Structure of a legislative system

A

the form, makeup, or arrangement of a legislative system
ex. China’s legislature is unicameral

45
Q

Function of a legislative system

A

something’s role, task, or responsibility
ex. Russia’s Federation Council approves treaties and judicial nominees

46
Q

Nigeria’s House of Reps

A
  • Elected Lower house
  • Approves legislation
47
Q

Nigeria’s Senate

A
  • elected upper house
  • approves legislation
  • confirmation power
  • impeachment power
48
Q

Mexico’s Chamber of Deputies

A
  • elected lower house
  • approves legislation
  • levies taxes
  • verfies election outcomes
49
Q

Mexico’s Senate

A
  • elected upper house
  • approves legislation
  • approves treaties
  • confirmation of Supreme court justices
  • approve federal intervention in state matters
50
Q

UK’s HOC

A
  • elected lower house
  • approves legislation
  • includes the PM (appointed by the monarch from the majority/coalition party)
51
Q

UK’s HOL

A
  • appointed upper house
  • reviews and amends bills
  • can delay implementation of policies
52
Q

Russia’s Duma

A
  • elected lower house
  • passes legislation
  • confirms the president’s choice for PM
53
Q

Russia’s Federation Council

A
  • appointed upper house
  • approves budget legislation
  • confirms judicial nominees
  • approves troop deployment
54
Q

China’s NPC

A
  • elected house
  • party controlled
  • elects the president
  • approves the premier
  • legitimizes policies of the executive
    Constitutionally, this is the most powerful instituion
55
Q

Iran’s Majles

A
  • elected house
  • approves legislation
  • oversees the budget
  • confirms presidential cabinet appointments
    This body acts under the supervision of the Guardian Council
56
Q

Legislative independence

A

Legislative independence is the DEGREE to which a legislature is free to exercise its power without constraints from other branches/insitiutions

57
Q

Examples of constraints limiting legislative independence

A
  • China’s politburo standing committee
  • The standing committe of the NPC
  • Iran’s Guardian council
  • Iran’s expediency council
58
Q

Effects of independent legislature

A

Potentially increase legitimacy and stability by:
- responding to the public
- openly debating policy
- facilitating compromise
- extending civil liberties
- checking the executive

59
Q

The key takeaway of independent legislatures

A

Independence allows the legislature to check the other branches/instituions of government.

60
Q

China’s judicial system

A
  • tiered court system
  • judicial appointments are controlled by the CCP
  • rule BY law (not of law)
  • no judicial review
61
Q

Iran’s judicial system

A
  • sharia law
  • role of judiciary is to ensure legal system is based on religious law
  • Head of the judiciary appointed by SL
  • head of the judiciary can nominate half of the Guardian council
  • judicial review (sharia not constitution)
62
Q

Mexico’s judicial system

A
  • tiered court system
  • supreme court has judicial review
  • Supreme court magistrates nominated by president, confirmed by senate for a term of 15 years.
    *judicial reforms from PRI END TO NOW
63
Q

Common law

A

When high courts decide on cases, those precedents become the law. Setting a precedent for the future. (future situation what to do)

64
Q

Code law

A

Statuets or laws that are written down. Be a judge and look at a law and say this is what it is.

65
Q

Nigeria judicial system

A
  • tiered system
  • judicial review
  • sharia courts in the North
  • supreme court judges recommended by judicial council, appointed by president and confirmed by senate.
    *judicial reforms
66
Q

Russia’s judicial system

A
  • tiered system
  • judges nominated by president, approved by federation council
  • judicial review (in theory but not in practice)
    *targetting of opposition
67
Q

UK’s judicial system

A
  • not unified (regions)
  • common law to enforce rule of law
  • supreme court - final court of appeals
  • judicial review? in transition
68
Q

factors impacting degree of judicial independence

A
  • qualifications of judges
  • term lengths for judges
  • process for removal of judges
  • authority to overrule executive or legislative actions (judicial review, unconsitutional)
69
Q

independent judiciaries can strengthen democracy by:

A
  • maintaining checks and balances
  • protecting rights and liberties
  • establishing the rule of law
  • maintaining separation of powers
70
Q

China IJ?

A

No, CCP

71
Q

Iran IJ?

A

No, SL appoints and uses courts to target opposition

72
Q

Mexico IJ?

A

Sort of, reforms away from PRI and given power to judiciary. Organized crime and drug cartels influence of judicial stray it from IJ.

73
Q

Nigeria IJ?

A

sort of, reforms to increase IJ and help with corruption. When president buhari suspended supreme court justice it showed IJ swaying.

74
Q

Russia IJ?

A

No, targetting of opposition and power of president

75
Q

UK IJ?

A

Yes, rule of law + checks and balances, no constitution but acts on its tradition history of IJ.

Comparative Government (6 decks)

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