Unit 2 Flashcards
true or false. the endocrine system is a means by which organs/tissues communicate with other organs/tissues?
true
what is specificity?
only specific hormones bind to specific receptors
what is affinity?
bond strength between the hormone and receptor
what is endocrine communication?
hormones diffuse into the blood and alter function of target organs
what is paracrine communication?
hormones diffuse into local extracellular fluid to alter function of neighboring cells
what is autocrine communication?
hormones diffuse into local extracellular fluid and alters functions of the cell that released it
what is the chemical messenger for the endocrine system?
hormones
what is the chemical messenger for the nervous system?
neurotransmitter
is the endocrine system or nervous system long-lasting, and slow to appear?
endocrine
what is hormonal relase stimuli?
a hormone stimulates/inhibits the release of another hormone
what is neural release stimuli?
a nervous system structure stimulates release
what is humoral release stimuli?
something dissolved in the blood (that is not a hormone) stimulates release
characteristics of a steroid hormone
hydrophobic
can enter a cell
long lasting
require intracellular receptor
uses chaperone cells
characteristics of an amino acid based hormones
hydrophilic
cannot enter cell
short duration
use membrane bound receptor
cAMP pathway sequence/aa
1.hormones bind to receptor
2.G-protein activated
3.adenylate cyclase converts ATP into cAMP
4.protein kinase activates specific proteins by phosphorylation
why are chaperone molecules necessary?
they allow hydrophobic molecules to be transported through the blood
what hormone is broken down by the liver & kidneys
amino acid based
what hormone interacts with DNA to alter cell function. steroid or aa?
steroid hormones
place steroid hormone cell interaction in order
- steroid hormone crosses cell membrane
- steroid binds to an intracellular receptor
- receptor-hormone complex enters the nucleus
- specific genes on DNA are activated or inhibited
what hypothalamus hormone stimulates the release of the growth hormone?
GHRH
what hypothalamus hormone stimulates the release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?
TRH
what hypothalamus hormone stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH)?
GnRH
what hypothalamus hormone stimulates the release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?
GnRH
what hypothalamus hormone stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
CRH
what hypothalamus hormone is reduced to stimulate the release of prolactin?
PIH
what hormone stimulates tissues to increase mitosis?
growth hormone
what hormone will cause the thyroid to release the hormone throxine?
TSH
what hormone will cause the gonads to release sex steroids (testosterone, estrogen, or progesterone)?
LH
what hormone stimulates the production of either eggs or sperm?
FSH
what hormone will cause the adrenal medulla to release steroids?
ACTH
do hormones or neurons of the hypothalamus stimulate release of hormones from the posterior pituitary?
neurons
do hormones or neurons of the hypothalamus stimulate the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary?
hormones
do hormones or neurons of the hypothalamus stimulate the release of ADH/vasopressin?
neurons
what hormone causes contraction of the uterus?
oxytocin
what hormone release is stimulated by neurons from the hypothalamus?
oxytocin
what hormone stimulates milk production but not milk ejection?
prolactin
what hormone is released when the hypothalamus stops releasing PIH?
prolactin
what is the function of melatonin?
causes sleep
what is the function of thymosine?
increase leukocyte production
what is the function of thyroxine?
increase metabolism and ATP production in all cells
what is the function of PTH?
increase blood calcium concentration
what is the function of glucagon?
increase blood sugar concentration
what gland releases melatonin?
pineal
what gland releases thymosine?
thymus
what gland releases glucagon?
pancreas
what gland releases insulin?
pancreas
what gland releases PTH?
parathyroid
what gland releases calcitonin?
thyroid
what gland releases throxine?
thyroid
low blood sugar levels stimulates the release of what hormone?
glucagon
the hormone TSH stimulates the release of what hormone?
thyroxine
hormones of the immune system stimulates the release of what hormone?
thymosine
low blood calcium levels stimulate the release of what hormone?
PTH
darkness stimulates the release of what hormone?
melatonin
list the hormone cascade in the correct sequence.
- TRH release
- TSH release
- thyroxine release
- calorigenic effect
testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone release are all stimulated by the hormone?
LH
what hormones are synergistic?
epinephrine & norepinephrine
T3&T4
what hormones are antagonisitic?
insulin & glucagon
calcitonin & PTH
what hormones are permissive?
estrogen & progesterone
what hormone is associated with chronic stress response?
cortisol
what hormone drives male sexual development & reproductive behavior?
testosterone
what hormone is associated with the acute stress response?
norepinephrine/epinephrine
what hormone stimulates water retention & potassium secretion?
aldosterone