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A&P 2 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

true or false. the endocrine system is a means by which organs/tissues communicate with other organs/tissues?

A

true

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2
Q

what is specificity?

A

only specific hormones bind to specific receptors

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3
Q

what is affinity?

A

bond strength between the hormone and receptor

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4
Q

what is endocrine communication?

A

hormones diffuse into the blood and alter function of target organs

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5
Q

what is paracrine communication?

A

hormones diffuse into local extracellular fluid to alter function of neighboring cells

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6
Q

what is autocrine communication?

A

hormones diffuse into local extracellular fluid and alters functions of the cell that released it

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7
Q

what is the chemical messenger for the endocrine system?

A

hormones

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8
Q

what is the chemical messenger for the nervous system?

A

neurotransmitter

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9
Q

is the endocrine system or nervous system long-lasting, and slow to appear?

A

endocrine

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10
Q

what is hormonal relase stimuli?

A

a hormone stimulates/inhibits the release of another hormone

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11
Q

what is neural release stimuli?

A

a nervous system structure stimulates release

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12
Q

what is humoral release stimuli?

A

something dissolved in the blood (that is not a hormone) stimulates release

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13
Q

characteristics of a steroid hormone

A

hydrophobic
can enter a cell
long lasting
require intracellular receptor
uses chaperone cells

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14
Q

characteristics of an amino acid based hormones

A

hydrophilic
cannot enter cell
short duration
use membrane bound receptor

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15
Q

cAMP pathway sequence/aa

A

1.hormones bind to receptor
2.G-protein activated
3.adenylate cyclase converts ATP into cAMP
4.protein kinase activates specific proteins by phosphorylation

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16
Q

why are chaperone molecules necessary?

A

they allow hydrophobic molecules to be transported through the blood

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17
Q

what hormone is broken down by the liver & kidneys

A

amino acid based

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18
Q

what hormone interacts with DNA to alter cell function. steroid or aa?

A

steroid hormones

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19
Q

place steroid hormone cell interaction in order

A
  1. steroid hormone crosses cell membrane
  2. steroid binds to an intracellular receptor
  3. receptor-hormone complex enters the nucleus
  4. specific genes on DNA are activated or inhibited
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20
Q

what hypothalamus hormone stimulates the release of the growth hormone?

A

GHRH

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21
Q

what hypothalamus hormone stimulates the release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?

A

TRH

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22
Q

what hypothalamus hormone stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH)?

A

GnRH

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23
Q

what hypothalamus hormone stimulates the release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?

A

GnRH

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24
Q

what hypothalamus hormone stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

A

CRH

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25
what hypothalamus hormone is reduced to stimulate the release of prolactin?
PIH
26
what hormone stimulates tissues to increase mitosis?
growth hormone
27
what hormone will cause the thyroid to release the hormone throxine?
TSH
28
what hormone will cause the gonads to release sex steroids (testosterone, estrogen, or progesterone)?
LH
29
what hormone stimulates the production of either eggs or sperm?
FSH
30
what hormone will cause the adrenal medulla to release steroids?
ACTH
31
do hormones or neurons of the hypothalamus stimulate release of hormones from the posterior pituitary?
neurons
32
do hormones or neurons of the hypothalamus stimulate the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary?
hormones
33
do hormones or neurons of the hypothalamus stimulate the release of ADH/vasopressin?
neurons
34
what hormone causes contraction of the uterus?
oxytocin
35
what hormone release is stimulated by neurons from the hypothalamus?
oxytocin
36
what hormone stimulates milk production but not milk ejection?
prolactin
37
what hormone is released when the hypothalamus stops releasing PIH?
prolactin
38
what is the function of melatonin?
causes sleep
39
what is the function of thymosine?
increase leukocyte production
40
what is the function of thyroxine?
increase metabolism and ATP production in all cells
41
what is the function of PTH?
increase blood calcium concentration
42
what is the function of glucagon?
increase blood sugar concentration
43
what gland releases melatonin?
pineal
44
what gland releases thymosine?
thymus
45
what gland releases glucagon?
pancreas
46
what gland releases insulin?
pancreas
47
what gland releases PTH?
parathyroid
48
what gland releases calcitonin?
thyroid
49
what gland releases throxine?
thyroid
50
low blood sugar levels stimulates the release of what hormone?
glucagon
51
the hormone TSH stimulates the release of what hormone?
thyroxine
52
hormones of the immune system stimulates the release of what hormone?
thymosine
53
low blood calcium levels stimulate the release of what hormone?
PTH
54
darkness stimulates the release of what hormone?
melatonin
55
list the hormone cascade in the correct sequence.
1. TRH release 2. TSH release 3. thyroxine release 4. calorigenic effect
56
testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone release are all stimulated by the hormone?
LH
57
what hormones are synergistic?
epinephrine & norepinephrine T3&T4
58
what hormones are antagonisitic?
insulin & glucagon calcitonin & PTH
59
what hormones are permissive?
estrogen & progesterone
60
what hormone is associated with chronic stress response?
cortisol
61
what hormone drives male sexual development & reproductive behavior?
testosterone
62
what hormone is associated with the acute stress response?
norepinephrine/epinephrine
63
what hormone stimulates water retention & potassium secretion?
aldosterone
64

A&P 2 (2 decks)

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