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A&P 2 > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

true or false. the endocrine system is a means by which organs/tissues communicate with other organs/tissues?

A

true

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2
Q

what is specificity?

A

only specific hormones bind to specific receptors

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3
Q

what is affinity?

A

bond strength between the hormone and receptor

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4
Q

what is endocrine communication?

A

hormones diffuse into the blood and alter function of target organs

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5
Q

what is paracrine communication?

A

hormones diffuse into local extracellular fluid to alter function of neighboring cells

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6
Q

what is autocrine communication?

A

hormones diffuse into local extracellular fluid and alters functions of the cell that released it

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7
Q

what is the chemical messenger for the endocrine system?

A

hormones

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8
Q

what is the chemical messenger for the nervous system?

A

neurotransmitter

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9
Q

is the endocrine system or nervous system long-lasting, and slow to appear?

A

endocrine

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10
Q

what is hormonal relase stimuli?

A

a hormone stimulates/inhibits the release of another hormone

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11
Q

what is neural release stimuli?

A

a nervous system structure stimulates release

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12
Q

what is humoral release stimuli?

A

something dissolved in the blood (that is not a hormone) stimulates release

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13
Q

characteristics of a steroid hormone

A

hydrophobic
can enter a cell
long lasting
require intracellular receptor
uses chaperone cells

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14
Q

characteristics of an amino acid based hormones

A

hydrophilic
cannot enter cell
short duration
use membrane bound receptor

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15
Q

cAMP pathway sequence/aa

A

1.hormones bind to receptor
2.G-protein activated
3.adenylate cyclase converts ATP into cAMP
4.protein kinase activates specific proteins by phosphorylation

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16
Q

why are chaperone molecules necessary?

A

they allow hydrophobic molecules to be transported through the blood

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17
Q

what hormone is broken down by the liver & kidneys

A

amino acid based

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18
Q

what hormone interacts with DNA to alter cell function. steroid or aa?

A

steroid hormones

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19
Q

place steroid hormone cell interaction in order

A
  1. steroid hormone crosses cell membrane
  2. steroid binds to an intracellular receptor
  3. receptor-hormone complex enters the nucleus
  4. specific genes on DNA are activated or inhibited
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20
Q

what hypothalamus hormone stimulates the release of the growth hormone?

A

GHRH

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21
Q

what hypothalamus hormone stimulates the release of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?

A

TRH

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22
Q

what hypothalamus hormone stimulates the release of luteinizing hormone (LH)?

A

GnRH

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23
Q

what hypothalamus hormone stimulates the release of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?

A

GnRH

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24
Q

what hypothalamus hormone stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?

A

CRH

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25
Q

what hypothalamus hormone is reduced to stimulate the release of prolactin?

A

PIH

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26
Q

what hormone stimulates tissues to increase mitosis?

A

growth hormone

27
Q

what hormone will cause the thyroid to release the hormone throxine?

A

TSH

28
Q

what hormone will cause the gonads to release sex steroids (testosterone, estrogen, or progesterone)?

A

LH

29
Q

what hormone stimulates the production of either eggs or sperm?

A

FSH

30
Q

what hormone will cause the adrenal medulla to release steroids?

A

ACTH

31
Q

do hormones or neurons of the hypothalamus stimulate release of hormones from the posterior pituitary?

A

neurons

32
Q

do hormones or neurons of the hypothalamus stimulate the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary?

A

hormones

33
Q

do hormones or neurons of the hypothalamus stimulate the release of ADH/vasopressin?

A

neurons

34
Q

what hormone causes contraction of the uterus?

A

oxytocin

35
Q

what hormone release is stimulated by neurons from the hypothalamus?

A

oxytocin

36
Q

what hormone stimulates milk production but not milk ejection?

A

prolactin

37
Q

what hormone is released when the hypothalamus stops releasing PIH?

A

prolactin

38
Q

what is the function of melatonin?

A

causes sleep

39
Q

what is the function of thymosine?

A

increase leukocyte production

40
Q

what is the function of thyroxine?

A

increase metabolism and ATP production in all cells

41
Q

what is the function of PTH?

A

increase blood calcium concentration

42
Q

what is the function of glucagon?

A

increase blood sugar concentration

43
Q

what gland releases melatonin?

A

pineal

44
Q

what gland releases thymosine?

A

thymus

45
Q

what gland releases glucagon?

A

pancreas

46
Q

what gland releases insulin?

A

pancreas

47
Q

what gland releases PTH?

A

parathyroid

48
Q

what gland releases calcitonin?

A

thyroid

49
Q

what gland releases throxine?

A

thyroid

50
Q

low blood sugar levels stimulates the release of what hormone?

A

glucagon

51
Q

the hormone TSH stimulates the release of what hormone?

A

thyroxine

52
Q

hormones of the immune system stimulates the release of what hormone?

A

thymosine

53
Q

low blood calcium levels stimulate the release of what hormone?

A

PTH

54
Q

darkness stimulates the release of what hormone?

A

melatonin

55
Q

list the hormone cascade in the correct sequence.

A
  1. TRH release
  2. TSH release
  3. thyroxine release
  4. calorigenic effect
56
Q

testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone release are all stimulated by the hormone?

A

LH

57
Q

what hormones are synergistic?

A

epinephrine & norepinephrine
T3&T4

58
Q

what hormones are antagonisitic?

A

insulin & glucagon
calcitonin & PTH

59
Q

what hormones are permissive?

A

estrogen & progesterone

60
Q

what hormone is associated with chronic stress response?

A

cortisol

61
Q

what hormone drives male sexual development & reproductive behavior?

A

testosterone

62
Q

what hormone is associated with the acute stress response?

A

norepinephrine/epinephrine

63
Q

what hormone stimulates water retention & potassium secretion?

A

aldosterone

64
Q
A

A&P 2 (2 decks)

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