Unit 1 Flashcards
what are the 3 major components of a spun sample of blood?
plasma
buffy coat
hematocrit
what are the four subcomponents of plasma?
water
ions
organic solutes
nitrogenous waste
what two molecules bind to hemoglobin?
oxygen & co2
what 3 leukocytes are considered granulocytes?
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
what 2 leukocytes are considered granulocytes?
lymphocytes
monocytes
what is the process of hemostasis?
vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation, clot retraction, thrombolysis
what is preload?
the amount of nlood in the heart prior to contraction
if endocrine hormones are in circulation, the stroke volume will
increase
how long does an erythrocyte live?
120 days
the health of erythrocytes is checked by
the spleen
erythrocytes are destroyed when they become too
rigid
when iron is taken out of the liver, the remaining substances are converted into
bilirubin
what is used in the intestine that emulsifies fats
bile
what organ checks if erythropoiesis needs to occur
kidneys
what organ checks if leukopoiesis needs to occur?
immune system
what organ checks if thrombopoiesis needs to occur?
liver
what cells are created as a result of erythropoiesis?
erythrocytes
what cells are created as a result of leukopoiesis?
leukocytes
what cells are created as a result of thrombopoiesis?
platelets
where does erythropoiesis, leukopoiesis, and thrombopoiesis all occur?
red bone marrow
what area of an EKG does atrial depolarization occur?
p wave
what area of an EKG does ventricular repolarization occur?
t wave
what area of an EKG does ventricular depolarization occur?
qrs wave
what area of an EKG does ventricular contraction occur?
st segment
what area of an EKG does action of the AV node occur?
pr interval
what is premature ventricular contraction caused by?
ectopic focus
what is atrial flutter caused by?
ectopic focus
what is ventricular tachycardia caused by?
ectopic focus
what is the flow of electricity through the intrinsic conduction system?
sa node, atrial conduction fibers, av node, av bundle, bundle branches, purkinje fibers
what is the universal recipient?
AB+
what is the universal donor?
O-
If a person’s blood type is A-, what agglutinins will they have?
Anti-B & Anti-RH (you fight off what you dont have)
What is the path an erythrocyte would travel through the heart?
right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, lung circulation, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, aorta
what leukocyte rolls along the interior of the blood vessels and can enter a tissue and devour pathogens if needed?
neutrophil
what leukocyte is used by the specific immune system to target and destroy pathogens in the body?
lymphocyte
what leukocyte is inactive in the blood, but eventually enters a tissue and resides there the rest of their life. and has ability to devour pathogens?
monocyte
what leukocyte attacks larger organisms that cannot be engulfed and destroyed by other leukocytes?
eosinophils
what leukocyte has its effects blocked by antihistamine?
basophil
what has the ability to intrinsic conduction cells to spontaneously depolarize?
automaticity
what is the rescue act of compressing the chest to manipulate valves and bring blood to the brain
CPR
what is happeneing when electricity is used to stop aberrant electrical events im the heart so the SA node can take over pacing?
defibrillation
what term is used to describe lack of O2 in the whole body?
hypoxia
what term is used to describe the lack of O2 in a specific tissue?
ischemia
when looking outside of the heart, the deflated atria is called
auricles
the pacemaker of the heart is called the
SA node
the structure that delays electrical info from the atria to ventricles is the
AV node
what term is used to describe the amount of force the ventricles contract with in order to move blood
contractility
what term is used to describe the amount of blood volume the ventricles can pump in one heartbeat
stroke volume
what do we expect to find in plasma?
hormones
glucose
NA+
What do we expect to find in the buffy coat?
platelets
neutrophils
eosinophils
what does we expect to find in hematocrit?
hemoglobin
A, B, & Rh
when referring to someone’s blood type, we are referring to the _____ that are on the surface of the erythrocytes
glycoproteins
if a person has an unsuccessful blood transfusion, _____ will attack the transfused blood
agglutinins
if blood pressure increases to a tissue, the ___ would increase
hydrostatic pressure (directly related to bp)
why is the muscular pump necessary?
veins have very little pressure to drive blood flow. it compensates for the low pressure by driving blood flow with skeletal muscles and the valves inside the veins
what is the respiratory pump necessary?
similar to muscular pump. fight gravity and create a stronger blood flow.
what does the respiratory pump do?
uses the diaphragm to create a pressure difference between the abdomen and thorax
what structures does the artery contain?
tunica externa
tunica media
tunica interna
what structures does a capillary contain?
tunica interna (intima)
what structures does a vein contain?
tunica externa
tunica media
tunica interna
valves
if an erythrocyte has just left the heart what is the correct sequence?
aorta, brachial artery, arteriole, capillary bed, venule, basilic vein, vena cava
is diastolic the top or bottom # on bp?
bottom
what is the equation for pulse pressure?
systolic - diastolic
what is the MAP equation?
(2dia+sys)/3
what artery does the brain receive blood from?
carotid
what artery does the heart receive blood from?
coronary
what artery does the liver receive blood from?
hepatic
what artery does the kidney receive blood from?
renal
what artery does the stomach receive blood from?
gastric
what artery does the intestine receive blood from?
mesenteric
erythrocytes go through the capillaries of the lungs primarily to bind the molecule ____ & release the molecule ______.
O2
CO2
when the same erythrocytes pass through the capillary bed of a tissue like the liver, they release ____ and bind ____
O2
CO2
when an erythrocyte leaves the heart it is about ____% saturated with O2?
100
when an erythrocyte goes through a capillary bed it gives up ____% of O2?
25
If measuring O2 concentration of the blood in the systemic veins, we should expect the blood to be _____% saturated with O2
75
what is the predicted O2 % in the left atrium?
100%
what is the predicted O2 % in the inferior vena cava?
75
what is the predicted O2 % in the pulmonary artery?
75
what is the predicted O2 % in the venule of the foot?
75
what is the predicted O2 % in the renal artery?
100
the inner lining of an artery is called?
tunica intima
what layer of an artery contains the smooth muscle?
tunica media
what two main factors can damage the tunica intima and tunica media?
bp and cholesterol
what increases the process of arteriosclerosis to disease levels?
atherosclerosis
in systemic veins is blood flowing towards or away from the heart?
toward
what is the correct way an erythrocyte would flow through veins?
great saphenous
external iliac
common iliac
inferior vena cava
what is the correct order an erythrocyte would flow through arteries
brachiocephalic
subclavian
axillary
brachial
what is described as a part of the adaptive/specific immune system?
lymphocyte
what part of hemoglobin binds to O2?
heme
what leukocyte transforms into a macrophage and then devours colonies of pathogens?
monocyte
all cells of the blood begins as
hematopoietic stem cells
what organ monitors if platelet levels are too low
liver
which chemical inhibits hemostasis?
protein c
what 3 anticoagulants are released by a healthy blood vessel
antithrombin
heparan
protein c
the ____ pericardium adheres to the outside of the heart
visceral
what is functional syncyctium?
cells of the heart working together
what is automaticity?
the ability of cardiac cells to depolarize on their own
what conducts electrical impulses through the interventricular septum?
bundle branches
capillaries are a single layer of
tunica intima
blood in the inferior vena cava is pulled into the right atrium each time
a person inhales
what force should we expect to always be highest in normal capillary beds?
hydrostatic pressue
what blood vessel would we expect to have the lowest pressure
subclavian vein
